1 -it is clear from the passage that

175 -Before Joseph Lister's discoveries, ---- .
A) clean, sterile operating theatres were unknown
B) there was an inefficient method of sterilisation
C) theatre staff followed strict preparation routines
D) surgery was always very dangerous
E) nobody took his theories seriously


176 -We learn from the passage that ----- .
A) the sterile conditions in a modern operating theatre are the result of Lister's work
B) surgery includes danger despite all precautions
C) doctors had long suspected the importance of antisepsis
D) incisions are not necessary for minor operations
E) Joseph Lister was the greatest surgeon of his time


177 -The passage mainly deals with --- .
A) the type of bacteria which cause infections
B) why it is important for everyone in an operating theatre to be clean
C) how Joseph Lister changed the course of surgery with his discoveries
D) how sterilised conditions reduced the numbers of post -operation deaths
E) the use of carbolic acid in destroying bacteria


In recent years, a whole new generation of cargo vessels have begun sailing the oceans of the world at speeds that in the past were confined to fast passenger liners. They are known as container ships, monsters with powerful engines developing up to 90,000 horse power. These ships are primarily important due to the fact that the container method of transporting goods has revolutionised maritime cargo carrying because of the speed at which they can be loaded and unloaded when they arrive at a port specially equipped to handle the containers. These containers look like giant building blocks and are made to a standard size.


178 -The main advantage of container ships is that they are --- .
A) bigger than other ships
B) as comfortable as fast ocean liners
C) able to compete with fast ocean liners
D) loaded and unloaded extremely fast
E) the most recent invention of mankind