1. 18 Lesson 18 Unintended consequences Listening: Human Interference

Reading: The Hole in the Ozone Layer

Read the text and fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs in passive from the box.

The Hole in the Ozone Layer

Since existing of human they tried to make their life much easier, happier, so they invented cars, air-conditioners, fire extinguishers and many others. As a result the ozone layer________________ . Ozone itself is a useful protective layer high above our heads. Scientific evidence indicates that the damage of the ozone in the stratosphere high above the planet’s surface_________________as the result of the widespread use of chemicals. The stratospheric ozone________________ by manufactured chemicals, containing chlorine and/or bromine. These chemicals___________ «ozone-depleting substances» (ODS) which under normal conditions are chemically harmless. Stratosphere is about 15-50 kilometres above the Earth’s surface.

What’s more, ODS have a long lifetime in our atmosphere — up to several centuries. This means most of the ODS______________over the last 80 years and they are still making their way to the stratosphere, where they will add to the ozone destruction. For example, large amounts of gas called CFCs_____________ in twentieth century for use in everyday appliances like fridges, aerosol spray cans, and fire extinguishers.
One type of ODS is Halons. They___________ in specialized fire extinguishers. Halons can destroy up to 10 times as much ozone as CFCs can. For this reason, halons________________to be the most serious ozonedepleting group of chemicals. Ozone layer holds harmful ultraviolet radiation which___________ by the Sun- Ultraviolet radiation. It can damage cells of living affect the growth of plants. The worst is the generation of “green house”, or “global warming”.