1. Childhood In The Works Of Ch. Dickens three works by Charles Dickens were selected for analysis

"CHILDHOOD" IN THE WORKS OF CH. DICKENS
One of the "eternal themes" of world literature is the theme of childhood, which in different periods of historical development received a new interpretation, but has always remained relevant. By the emergence of close attention to the life and problems of the child, we are obliged to the era of the Enlightenment, when for the child, as the main object of upbringing, children's literature begins to be created, aimed at transforming him from an "empty place" (according to J. Locke) into a mature person,endowed with moral virtue.
The theme of childhood plays a vital role in creativity and perception of the worldEnglish classic of the XIX century Charles Dickens. Chesterton believed thatDickens had two great talents - "the ability to write funny and, of course, the ability to portray the terrible."Dickens has been attracting readers from all over the world for over 150centuries precisely by his ability to "touch the universal strings."The writer portrays kind, decent, endowed with fairthe values ​​of people. The secret of his popularity is that Dickens was keenly aware of the changes in the life of England, was an expression of hopes and aspirationsthousands of people.After the death of the writer, for a long time, Dickens's works were subjected to sharp criticism, and only at the beginning of the 20th century did society appreciate the significance of Dickens's work.The biography of the writer was reflected, both in the manner of writing and inplots of his works. 12-year-old Charles was forced out of school and get a job as a newspaper reporter, so that his father was mot and in 1824 he was in prison for debtors. He worked in a factory, as a clerk, as a court and parliament reporter. As a reporter, he portrayed contemporary eventsand tried t the reasons that caused them.Dawkins, nicknamed “the Artful Dodger,” and introduced to his “benefactor,” the Jewish exploiter Fagin. Fagin, in whose company are also the Artful Dodger, Bill Sikes and Sikes’s loved one Nancy, earned his living through money brought to him by orphans whom he had steal and prostitute for him. Fagin and the members of his gang also attempt to turn Oliver into a thief, but Oliver is resolute and firm in his sense of what is honest, so they are unsuccessful in this.
Dickens Ch. The Adventures of Oliver Twist. - M .: Astrel, 2011 .-- 224 p.
creativity of the writer - the theme of the struggle between good and evil, which is revealed in each his work.A comprehensive analysis of the reasons for Dickens' addiction to childhood (the circumstances of the novelist's personal life, especially his psyche and worldview)]acceptance, his "underlived" childhood, etc.) fully explains why children and "childish" are of paramount importance in his works. Dickens' novels show the formation of a person's character, startingfrom childhood (for example, "Oliver Twist" (1839)). The characteristic features of creativity can be considered: the presence of melodramatic elements, the simplified characterization of the characters (good are always good, and evil), happy ending of the work, detective elements.Dickens became famous for most of the works that werewritten in the first period of his work: the cycle "Christmas stories"(1848), novels "Antiquities Shop" (1841), "Dombey and Son" (1848), later written "David Copperfield" (1850), "Little Dorrit" (1857),
The theme of childhood, Dickens has a unique outlook on life, this is the look of a child who learned too early what the world of adults is, what adversity is and hardships, hardships and pain. Dickens' characters are often orphans.For example, Esther Summerson, the heroine of Bleak House, was raised by her godmother; David Copperfield was born after the death of his father. Oliver Twist, “... if if he could have known that he was an orphan, left in the merciful care of church leaders and overseers, he would have shouted even louder. "According to Dickens, “the ideal child,” according to Dickens, is endowedwith“freshness of feelings, innocence, enthusiasm, and a charming, ingenuous inabilityto engage in everyday affairs” Dickens' little heroes are not ordinary children brought up in the usual conditions of parental care and affection, they.. When Bill Sikes needs an agile assistant because he wants to break into a house, Fagin assigns this role to Oliver. On the night of the burglary, when Oliver has to climb into the house through a tiny window and open the house for the others, the butler Giles shoots him.
Dickens Ch. The Adventures of Oliver Twist. - M .: Astrel, 2011 .-- 224 p.
are victims of the injustice of life, the danger of life's turns. Moreover, it can be like children from lower classes and children from seemingly quite prosperous families, but theirfate is no less dramatic and tragic. Dickens accurately and rightly shows how Paul Dombey, his beloved son, who knew neither hardship nor the loneliness of an orphan in his life, is killed by the immense arrogance of a “lovingfather. " Childhood without David Copperfield's worries ends when his stepfather appears in the house. Here Dickens shows all the acuteness and severity of misunderstanding,of Oliver Twist is the first "education" novel written in a genre to which Dickens repeatedly referred. The structure of these works is similar: a child who was abandonedto the mercy of fate, parents, persecute relatives, wanting to take advantage of the child's defenselessness, hunt for inheritance. Thanks to a strange coincidence of circumstances, the hero breaks out of the networks of bad people, receives an inheritance, and with it recognition in society.Dickens portrays Oliver as perfect, his character does not change tothroughout the which falls on the brutally punished David, sitting alone inroom and trying to somehow understand why he turned over like this,a seemingly stable and blessed world. Dickens believed that the relationship between an adult and a child is a reflection of the struggle between good and evil in him.The Adventures novel: he is not influenced by circumstances, even when he is among the crooks. This novel may well be regarded as a biographical one. Depicting the development of the hero, the author depicts the paths he himself followed. Here the border between good and evil is not so clear: it is difficult to divide the heroes into purely positive and purely negative, for the author it is important, in the first turn, how the hero is spiritually enriched. In many of his novels, Dickens uses this technique: the death of characters, which helps to solve a lotconflicts. Childhood, childhood, according to Dickens, is a universal category inherent in a person regardless of age. Here S. Marshak's statement is applicable - that the memory of childhood is spiritual life: “If you have not learned to live a spiritual life in any vanity, at any pace: childhood, to understand simple words and see the main thing - this is nothingness. "Dickens throws his little heroes into the abyss of horror, baseness and meanness, in order to appeal the reader to compassion and wants to awaken in good feelings. The little characters in Dickens's novels are children of the bad weather. None sends them a guardian angel, does not help, does not explain the rules of conduct and the foundations of this society, no one takes the hand to lead through life. On the contrary, it is they who become guides and patrons: Agnes Wickfield keeps his father from drinking, David takes care of a couple of careless Micawber, Nelly
rescues her grandfather who has fallen into insanity, Amy Dorrit with seven years old washerwoman and seamstress. The iron framework in which life puts them requires from them daily adulthood: foresight, responsibility, patience. But these are not little old men and women. Probably, only Dickens is able to convey the very breath of childhood with its stormy sincerity and reckless simplicity. If you try to peer into the world of each little hero of the novels Dickens, then you can see that each of them has its own world, and these worlds are of different sizes. Selfless, bitter and deeply living child heroes. Children-workers, whose childhood is far from infantile, who began acquaintance with life from its inside, but who have not lost the ability to rejoice andwonder, they remain little fidgets and inventors. Child victims who are at a tender age only biologically; they have there is neither the strength nor the ability to resist life, to take root in it. In contrast to children, Dickens portrays adults. They are proud, self-confident people. But the writer loves most of all to portray adults,
preserving all the qualities of children [7, p. 364]. One of the most famous directly-naive adults - Mr. Pickwick, whose gullibility sometimes borders on idiocy and whose purely childish, stubborn, impetuous kindness is usually called eccentricity. But Pickwick, as a real good child, feels sorry for everyone, even for the rogue Jingle, who has cheated him so many times. Pickwick leads a radiant line of children, overgrown with years and gray hair, but nothing else changed. One of their main features is inability to understand people. They do not know the "predatory eye" of worldly experienced people - not because they are short-sighted, but because they do not consider it is possible to sort, and therefore, reject their own kind, for them all people are people. It is said about them: "Clean everything is pure." In the ability to trust - the spiritual greatness of another purebred Dickens child of mature years, Mr. Jarndis from "Cold at home". A man of rare insight, he has been friends with the werewolf Skimpole for years, who skillfully parasitizes on the generosity of the owner of Bleak House. Jarndis is not allowed to bend morally enough toget into the hole where the cold and cunning essence of Skimpol lives [6, p. 58].Summing up, we can say that gentleness, sincerity, the ability to believe and regret are the most essential features of childhood, as Dickens sees it. But they are the components of a perfect, evangelical personality. Dickens is not just a great writer (“Sift the world literature - Dickens will remain” by L. Tolstoy) - he is a great Christian writer. Dickens throws his little heroes into the abyss of horror, baseness and meanness, in order to appeal the reader to compassion and wants to awaken in good feelings. The little characters in Dickens's novels are children of the bad weather. This article is an attempt to identify some parallels in the depiction of images of children and the motives associated with them in the genre of a Christmas story. Clean everything is pure." In the ability to trust - the spiritual greatness of another purebred Dickens child of mature years, Mr. Jarndis from "Cold at home". A man of rare insight, he has been friends with the werewolf Skimpole for years, who skillfully parasitizes on the generosity of the owner of Bleak House. Jarndis is not allowed to bend morally enough toget into the hole where the cold and cunning essence of Skimpol lives [6, p. 58].Summing up, we can Christmas story. Clean everything is pure bend morally of Bleak House. . However, the leader of the gang Fagin and Monks, also a member of the London criminal world, continue to pursue Oliver. Monks even attempts to erase all traces of Oliver’s birth, receiving from the leader of the house in which Oliver lived a gold locket that belonged to Oliver’s mother; he throws it into the river. In this way he, as Oliver’s half-brother, wants to acquire all of the property that belonged to Oliver’s father. When Nancy, who has in the meantime moved to Oliver’s side, reveals Monks’s secret to Rose Maylie, Sikes murders her with a knife on discovering her