1. Introduction to Black Holes What are Black Holes?

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Black Holes

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INDEX

1.Introduction to Black Holes

2.What are Black Holes?

3.How are Black Holes created?

4.Types of Black Holes

5.Parts of Black Holes

6.spaguettification

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1.Introduction

The first time the idea of a black hole was 

suggested was in the late 1790´s by John 

Michell of England and Pierre-Simon 

Laplace of France. They both proposed 

the idea of the existence of an “invisible 

star” by applying the first Newton Law. 

They calculated its mass and size, which is 

now called the “event horizon” that an 

object would need in order to be faster 

than even the speed of light.

Later, in 1915, Einstein predicted the 

existence of black holes with his general 

relativity theory. After that, in 1967, John 

Wheeler, an American theoretical 

physicist, applied the term of black holes 

to what it means now.

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2.What are Black Holes?

A black hole is a great amount of matter packed in a very small area. It is a 

place in space which has such a big gravitational field, that nothing, not 

even light can escape.

Scientists can’t directly observe black holes, and the only way to perceive 

them is by detecting their effect on other matter nearby. As the attracted 

matter accelerates & heats up, it emits x-rays that radiate into space, 

emitting powerful gamma rays bursts, which devour nearby stars.

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3.HOW ARE BLACK HOLES 

CREATED

Stellar black holes: 

One way black 

holes are created is from dying 

stars. Inside a star, the nuclear fuel 

of a star and its own gravity collide. 

This creates stability, but when it 

runs out of nuclear fuel, gravity 

compresses the star. The outer 

layers explode into a supernova, 

and the centre implodes (collapses 

inwardly). After that, a black hole is 

created. This only occurs in big 

stars, which are at least 10 times 

bigger than the sun.

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4.TYPES OF BLACK HOLES

Miniature black holes: 

these type of black holes 

have event horizons as small as atomic 

particles. Physicists suggest that these were 

created during the Big Bang. Miniature black 

holes were created more than 10 billion years 

ago, and they compressed into a really small 

point, which later exploded and created a 

massive explosion.

Supermassive black holes:

fast-moving gas jets 

and gravitational forces are equal to 10 billion 

suns compressed together. These are what we 

call supermassive black holes. Their event 

horizon is an imaginary sphere around them 

which nothing can escape. When matter enters 

the black hole, it increases in size, reaching 

other matter which it could not absorb before.

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ACCORDING TO ITS PHYSICAL 

PROPERTIES:

The shwarzschild black hole

, which has no charge, 

or rotation, the simplest type of black hole that

exists.

The Reissner-Nordstrom black hole

, which does

not rotate, but which has electrical charge.

The Kerr-Newman black hole

, which has charge

and rotates.

The Kerr black hole

, which rotates and does not

have charge inside.

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WHITE HOLES and 

WORMHOLES

White holes are not proved to exist. A black hole is considered to be 

the exact opposite of a black hole. It cannot absorb matter, it can only 

expulse it. It is considered by some physicists to be the mathematical 

answer to the general equations of relativity.

If white holes actually existed, then, we would also see the 

appearance of a wormhole. A wormhole is the combination of a black 

hole and a wormhole. Wormholes would make matter enter through 

the black hole, and appear again through the white hole, because as 

they are too close to each other, spaguettification would not happen.

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5.PARTS OF A BLACK HOLE: