1. Language Learning: Language and Communication. Languages of the World. Endangered Languages. Global English

20. Health and fitness: Healthy alternatives. Healthy body, healthy mind. Alternative Therapy.
Health and fitness.
We have always heard the word ‘health’ and ‘fitness’. We use it ourselves when we say phrases like ‘health is wealth’ and ‘fitness is the key’. What does the word health really mean? It implies the idea of ‘being well’. We call a person healthy and fit when he/she function well physically as well as mentally.
Good health and fitness is not something which one can achieve entirely on our own. It depends on their physical environment and the quality of food intake. We live in villages, towns, and cities.
In such places, even our physical environment affects our health. Therefore, our social responsibility of pollution-free environment directly affects our health. Our day-to-day habits also determine our fitness level. The quality of food, air, water all helps in building our fitness level.
Healthy alternatives. These “alternative food” options include labels such as local, natural, pesticide-free, ecologically friendly, slow food movement, and localvores. The traditional marketing approach and specifically consumer marketing theory are not sufficiently prepared to handle the advent of new types of consumers.
Healthy body, healthy mind. Healthy body, healthy mind is interchangeable. As much as the focus has been on how physical activity affects our psychological state, a healthy mind will define a healthy body. ... For instance, mental health issues may interfere with someone's ability to maintain a healthy body or lifestyle.
Alternative Therapy. A therapy that is not part of current standard medical practice, which is used instead of conventional treatment.
One example is using acupuncture to help lessen some side effects of cancer treatment. Alternative medicine is used instead of standard medical treatment. One example is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of cancer drugs that are prescribed by an oncologist.
21.Ethical issues in medicine, science and technology: Genetically modified food, nuclear power. How has science changed the food we eat?
Ethical issues in medicine, Medical ethics involves examining a specific problem, usually a clinical case, and using values, facts, and logic to decide what the best course of action should be.
Some ethical problems are fairly straightforward, such as determining right from wrong. But others can also be more perplexing, such as deciding between two "rights"—two values that are in conflict with each other—or deciding between two different value systems, such as the patient's versus the doctor's.
Doctors may deal with a great variety of perplexing ethical problems even in a small medical practice. Here are some common problems identified in a 2016 Medscape survey, where at least some physicians held different opinions [1] :
Withholding treatment to meet an organization's budget, or because of insurance policies;
Accepting money from pharmaceutical or device manufacturers;
Upcoding to get treatment covered;
Getting romantically involved with a patient or family member;
Covering up a mistake;
science and technology. Technology, knowledge and science are fundamental in modern contemporary society. The understanding of how social, cultural and material elements influence the production of new practices, new ways of understanding and new institutions is vital in our understanding of contemporary postmodern society. Studies of technology and science provides students with insight into how different processes of knowledge are initiated and progressed, and how innovative technological processes are developed, employed and increase in importance.

Studies of technology and science gives insight into the understanding and knowledge of technology, science and knowledge from the viewpoint of the humanities and the social sciences. Throughout the course of study students will become familiar with amendments of social and cultural analyses of modern science and technology in interaction with social, political, economical and cultural processes of change.

Genetically modified food (or GM food) is food produced from plants or animals whose DNA has been altered through genetic engineering. These genetically modified organisms are often called GMOs for short.
Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an organism’s genes directly — by, for example, transplanting DNA from other organisms. It’s different from the conventional method of selectively breeding plants and animals to get desired traits. Genetically modified foods have been on the US market since 1994, ever since the introduction of ”Flavr Savr” tomatoes that had been engineered to ripen more slowly.
There’s no one type of genetically modified organism — genetic engineering is a tool that can be used for a variety of purposes. Most of the corn and soy grown in the United States has been genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides, so that it’s easier to spray fields with weed killer. Other crops have been modified to withstand pests. But genetic engineering could conceivably help create crops that can survive drought, or help produce food that’s more nutritious.
Nuclear power is a clean and efficient way of boiling water to make steam, which turns turbines to produce electricity.
Nuclear power offers many benefits for the environment as well. Power plants don’t burn any materials so they produce no combustion by-products. Additionally, because they don’t produce greenhouse gases, nuclear plants help protect air quality and mitigate climate change.
When it comes to efficiency and reliability, no other electricity source can match nuclear. Nuclear power plants can continuously generate large-scale, around-the-clock electricity for many months at a time, without interruption.
Nuclear energy supplies about 10 percent of the world's electricity and approximately 20 percent of the energy in the United States. A total of 30 countries worldwide are operating 440 nuclear reactors for electricity generation.
How has science changed the food we eat?
We all need to eat, to have energy and be healthy. We know that our choices of the food that we eat are affect our health and behavior. Since all of us want to be healthier, so every one of us trying to eat the good and the healthy food as much as we can. Also, we know that the food that we eat now are not the same as before, so there is a big changing in our consume culture.

As we see now everybody talking about good food, healthier food, low fat food, and so on. This changing in our nutrition is a result of changing of science.

A cause of the science we get many benefits that help us to make our life more easier, for example ,every one of us have o refrigerator in his kitchen which help us to keep our food for many days and many meals. Also, we can make different kind of food and different taste from one thing by using technology; chicken as example, we can cook it in different ways.
Also, by science now we have much information about the food that we, in the house we see television show about the food, in internet too. Also, when we go to shop we can find a lot information about what we need to purchase by reading the labels in the items.
Even though, the science has many good effects of what we eat, it also has the bad effects. As we know, by the development of genetic science, there many practical of it on the food, much food has a lot chemical indigents and us a consumer we get all that chemical in our body. So that affects our health and our behavior.