1. The essence of the science of strength of material. Concept of bars, plates and shells

1. The essence of the science of strength of material.
2. Concept of bars, plates and shells (give examples).
3. The concept of strength stiffness and sustainability (give examples).
4. Concept of stress and its types.
5. External forces and their types.
6. Understanding of internal forces and cutting method.
7. Concept of allowable stress and its selection.
8. Understanding of plastic and brittle materials (give examples).
9. Calculation of cross-sectional displacement of the bar during tension and compression.
10. Determination of potential energy in tension and compression deformation.
11. Internal forces in tension and compression, their determination and condition of strength.
12. Concept of longitudinal deformation and Hooke's law.
13. Understanding of transverse deformation (Poisson's ratio).
14. The universal equation of the bent axis of the beam.
15. Differential equation of the bent axis of the beam and its integration.
16. Differential relations between bending moment "M", shear force "Q" and distributed force "q".
17. Internal forces in bending, construction of their sign rules and diagrams.
18. Determination of supports, their types and support reactions.
19. what is a statically indeterminate system?
20. Static indeterminate systems in tension and compression and their calculation.
21. Geometric properties of flat cross-sectional surfaces.
22. Understanding of the static moment of the section and the change of the static moment when the axes move parallel.
23. Understanding of central axes and determining the coordinates of the center of gravity of the section.
24. The concept of moments of inertia of a section and the change of moments of inertia when axes move parallel.
25. Determination of moments of inertia of simple forms.
26. The concept of the polar moment of inertia of a section.
27. What are concentrated and distributed forces?
28. Construction of internal force diagrams in tension and compression.
29. Construction of internal force diagrams in torsion.
30. Construction of internal force diagrams in beding.

1. 
   The science of strength of materials deals with the study of the behavior of materials under external loads and forces. It includes the analysis of stresses, strains, and deformation in materials subjected to external forces, as well as the design of structures that can withstand such forces without failure.
   
2. 
   Bars are one-dimensional structural elements that are subjected to tension or compression, such as beams, columns, and rods. Plates are two-dimensional elements that are subjected to bending and twisting, such as flat plates and curved shells. Shells are three-dimensional structural elements that are curved in one or more directions, such as pressure vessels and aircraft fuselages.
   
3. 
   Strength refers to the ability of a material to withstand external forces without failure, stiffness refers to the ability of a material to resist deformation, and sustainability refers to the ability of a structure to maintain its integrity and performance over time. Examples of materials with high strength include steel and titanium, while materials with high stiffness include carbon fiber and ceramics.
   
4. 
   Stress is the internal force per unit area that develops in a material when it is subjected to external forces. The three types of stress are normal stress, shear stress, and bearing stress.
   
5. 
   External forces are forces that act on a structure from outside, such as gravity, wind, and seismic forces. The types of external forces include point loads, distributed loads, and concentrated loads.
   
6. 
   Internal forces are forces that develop within a structure in response to external forces. The cutting method is a technique for analyzing internal forces by cutting a structure into sections and analyzing the forces acting on each section.
   
7. 
   Allowable stress is the maximum stress that a material can withstand without failure. The selection of allowable stress depends on factors such as the material properties, the type of load, and the safety factor.
   
8. 
   Plastic materials are those that can undergo significant deformation without failure, such as rubber and some plastics. Brittle materials are those that have little or no ductility and tend to fail suddenly and catastrophically, such as glass and ceramics.
   
9.