1. The formation and importance of the banking system The structure and state of the modern banking system

A bank is an institution established to attract funds and place them with terms of return, payment and term.
There are two levels of the banking system.
The first is the Central Bank and its branches.
The second is commercial banks
The most common banking operations are:
Accepting money deposits and maintaining accounts (deposits) of clients (enterprises and households) and correspondent banks (that is, banks that have deposit relations with this bank);
Providing loans;
Carrying out calculations and cash services on behalf of clients and correspondent banks according to their instructions;
Funding of investments on behalf of the owners of funds;
Issuance of payment documents and securities (checks, promissory notes, stocks, bonds, etc.);
The main asset operation of a commercial bank is lending. Banks face the following problem when performing this operation. On the one hand, they seek to maximize profits, and accordingly, they are interested in giving their credit resources to the person who will pay the most for them. On the other hand, there is a risk that the loan will not be returned due to the borrower's inability to pay. Therefore, banks first give loans to the most reliable, competitive enterprises from a financial point of view (appropriate financial checks are conducted to determine the solvency of the enterprise), that is, they objectively help to increase the efficiency of the economy.
The Central Bank is an independent institution with regulations and rights determined by the legislation of its country. The Central Bank has sufficient opportunities to influence the activities of commercial banks.
Liabilities (liabilities) of the Central Bank include currency in domestic circulation, deposits, including deposits of commercial banks, treasury deposits (money on the government's account), foreign deposits and other liabilities. Deposits of commercial banks and depository institutions also include reserves that banks are required to keep in the Central Bank. Treasury deposits are the government's primary current account in which collected tax revenues are collected. Deposits of foreign persons are official accounts of central banks of other countries, international organizations and governments of foreign countries.
2. The structure and state of the modern banking system
Modern credit-banking systems have a complex, multi-level structure. If we take the description of the services provided to clients based on classification, three important elements of the modern credit system can be distinguished: the central bank; commercial banks; specialized (insurance, mortgage, savings) financial institutions. German Prof. H.E. In the book "Banking", one of the best textbooks edited by Byushgen, it is stated that the banking system consists of universal and specialized banks, emission bank. The Central Bank performs the role of the leader - the bank of banks.
The banking system is not in a static state, on the contrary, it is always moving and changing. First, the banking system as a whole is always on the move, new content is added to it, and it is perfected. Second, new relationships are regularly created within the banking system. Relations are formed between the central bank and commercial banks, as well as among themselves. Banks participate in interbank credit markets, issue "long" and "short" money for trade, buy monetary resources from each other. Banks can also provide special services to each other, for example, participation in joint projects for the financing of enterprises, organization of mergers and associations.
The banking system is "self-forming", the reason for this is that changes in the economic and political situation lead to "automatic" changes in banking policy. In times of economic crises and political instability, the banking system reduces long-term investments allocated to production, shortens credit terms, and increases its income through additional types of activities rather than the main ones.
3. To improve the efficiency of the fulfillment of the requirements of the Central Bank by commercial banks.
The bank capital adequacy ratio of the commercial banks of our republic based on the international Basel requirements has increased in recent years and reached a level higher than 24 percent, that is, it is three times higher than the international requirement of 8 percent. In order to prevent the financial and economic crisis in our country, the state has allocated 600 billion to a number of banks to increase their capital. the allocation of more than soums caused an increase in the bank's capital adequacy ratio. As a result, the leading banks in our republic got stable rating indicators of international rating companies.
Banks should maintain sufficient capital and liquid resources, organize reserves against doubtful and inactive assets based on the classification of assets, and also ensure diversification of their assets in order to reduce the risk of losses.
It is necessary to take into account the rights and duties of commercial banks, the public's trust in banks, and the existing social and economic situation in the republic in order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the standards set by the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan for commercial banks.
In order to ensure the stability of banks and to protect the interests of depositors and creditors, banks must comply with the economic regulations determined by the Central Bank.
As a result of the high role of the Central Bank of our Republic in regulating the activities of commercial banks, the banking system of our Republic is functioning reliably today. The reforms being carried out in our republic regarding the regulation of banking activities and the creation of a solid legal framework help to increase the scope of the work being carried out in this regard.
4. Analysis of the functioning of the banking system in Uzbekistan
In recent years, the measures taken to ensure the stable and continuous operation of the financial and economic, budget and bank credit system of our country, to provide assistance to the enterprises of the real sector of the economy, and to provide social support to the population have had their practical effect. gave
In particular, structural changes in the economy, modernization of enterprises of its important branches, active continuation of technical and technological renewal, development of production and social infrastructure, promotion of domestic consumption, export enterprises, small business and private entrepreneurship. Last year, the measures taken in connection with the comprehensive support of the ekts ensured stable high rates of economic growth.
5. Priority directions of development of the banking system in the Republic of Uzbekistan Summary List of used literature
The following measures aimed at further increasing the stability of the banking system of the republic and ensuring its development in accordance with international standards and expanding its role in ensuring high economic growth will be implemented:
1. As part of the activities to further increase the stability of the banking system, work on further improvement of the system of regulation and control of commercial banks' activities will be consistently continued on the basis of international requirements, including the new recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
2. The implementation of measures to fully adapt the accounting and financial reporting system of the republican financial-banking system to the International Standards of Financial Reporting (IFRS) will be continued.
3. Measures aimed at further increasing the level of capitalization, strengthening and diversifying the resource base of commercial banks will be continued. At the same time, the main attention is focused on ensuring that the level of capitalization of banks increases by at least 20% due to the acceleration of work on the issue and placement of additional shares. In addition, work will be continued on the implementation of measures adopted to increase the share of the non-state sector in the total authorized capital of the banking system. in order to further strengthen the resource base of commercial banks, it is planned to increase the volume of their deposits in commercial banks by at least 30 percent due to the further activation of attracting free funds of the population and economic entities to long-term deposits.
4. One of the important tasks of the banking system is to further expand the participation of commercial banks in the processes of modernization of production, technical and technological renewal, socio-economic development of regions and the implementation of state programs for the creation of jobs and employment of the population. remains. an increase in the volume of credit investments allocated to the real sector of the economy by commercial banks is forecasted