1. The new method suggested by Mr. Saymanov

. . .
A) at the bottom of the cloud.
B) on the earth.
C) in the air around the channel.
D) from the winds.
30. As it is inferred in the text, the earlier investigation shows
that the negative charge is created from . . .
A) the fifty thousand degree current air.
B) the friction of water and ice-laden clouds.
C) the channel of electricity.
D) the explosion of hot and cold air

(31-33)There are two kinds of water pollution. The first is when
rubbish, sewage or chemicals are thrown into the water. This
waste upsets the natural environment and can be dangerous
or fatal to fish and other life in the water. The second type
of pollution is thermal, or warm water pollution. This is
most commonly caused by hydroelectric power plants. These
take water from a lake or river, convert it into steam for
running the plant’s turbines, change the steam back into
water, then return the water to the original lake or river.
Though this water is no dirtier than when it was taken out,
it is often five to ten degrees above its original temperature.
This causes a change in the environment which can be as
dangerous to aquatic life as waste pollution.
31. The author states that. . .
A) hydroelectric plants put dirty water back into the
environment
B) thermal pollution occurs when the temperature of a river
or lake is raised
C) aquatic life is merely disturbed by thermal pollution
D) thermal pollution is more dangerous than pollution from
rubbish or chemicals
32. In the text, what does the author say about rubbish, sewage
or chemicals?
A) They are all part of the natural environment.
B) They have, on occasions, proved to be beneficial to
aquatic life.
C) They can kill aquatic life when they are thrown into the
water.
D) They are the main cause of warm water pollution.
33. The author points out that. . .
A) fish are less affected by the second kind of pollution than
by the first
B) both kinds of pollution are equally bad for the natural
environment
C) there is nothing that can be done to correct thermal
pollution
D) water pollution is a fact of life that we must learn to live
with

(34-36)The origins of a written literature can be found in most of
the civilizations of the ancient world; in India, China and
among the Jewish people, whose great work of literature is
the Old Testament of the Bible. However, it is the Greeks
whose literature is taken to represent the start of Western
literature. Their greatest single contribution was drama, a
form of literature that has continued undiminished to the
present day. Other literary forms that developed from the
time of the ancient Greeks and Romans onward have been
poetry in its many different styles and forms, the essay,
biography and autobiography, and the novel. Other types of
written work from these periods, dealing with such matters
as history, philosophy, politics, religion, science and criticism
may also be classified as literature from the point of view of
style.
34. Which of the following is true?
A) The Greeks were not alone as writers of early literature.
B) Jews wrote the Bible in places like India and China.
C) The Jews are responsible for the start of religious writing.
D) The Romans greatly influenced the Greek playwrights.
35. According to the passage. . .
A) Greek and Roman drama contains lots of poetry.
B) of all Greek literature, only drama remains today.
C) drama has become increasingly better through the ages.
D) drama is only one of many forms of literature.
36. The author points out in the passage that written history,
philosophy and science. . .
A) can be considered literature because of the way they were
written.
B) generally appear to have much more style than other
literature.
C) are much more important than forms such as drama and
poetry.
D) are quite unrelated to what most scholars usually call
literature.