1 topic: living with a computer plan: Understanding of personal computer. Basic devices of a personal computer Additional devices of the personal computer

11 SUBJECT Understanding of the operating environment

• A set of tools that ensure the development of practical programs and their implementation. The operating environment consists of an operating system, software, application program interfaces, network services, databases, and programming languages.
• Operating system
• 1. The main part of the software that coordinates and manages computer resources and data, or a software tool that manages the execution of programs and provides tasks such as system resource allocation, planning, input-output, and data management. Although operating systems are mostly software, some hardware can also be used. The main tasks of operating systems include:
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• file system management (write, change, copy files, control access);
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• control of program execution (allocation of processor time, fast programs from disk
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• loading into memory, intercepting a hidden dangerous effect, etc.);
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• memory management (caching, allocation, data integrity control, etc.);
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• includes communication with the user (reading commands from the keyboard, mouse, outputting information to the screen, printer, etc.).
• MS-DOS operating system. Operating system offered by Microsoft Corporation. The first version of MS-DOS appeared in 1981. Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS is the standard operating system for IBM-compatible computers. MS-DOS is a 16-bit operating system that does not support multi-user or multi-threading. One of the important features of the operating system is that it provides non-specialist users with convenient ways to perform practical processes, while it provides professionals with a good basis for working with software. MS-DOS organizes a tree of directories, has an advanced command language. MS-DOS can work efficiently with application processes, files, and external devices.

• Linux operating system. A network operating system based on the Unix operating system. Linux was first released in 1991 by Linius Torvalds. One of the important features of Linux is that it is freely distributed under the Free Software Foundation under the GNU Public License. It is mainly used to create servers on the Internet and intranets.
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• UNIX operating (practical) system. A network operating system created by Bell Labs. The first UNIX operating system was proposed by Bell Laboratory in 1969 and was originally intended for use in networks. Currently, UNIX is a multi-user and multi-tasking operating system written in Si. Microcore is the main component of the system. It contains the inter-network transfer control protocol/execution module. The UNIX operating system has a number of positive features, of which the following should be noted first:
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