1. What is headline?

2.What are context-free words?
There are words with definite meanings which are retained in most contexts and are relatively context-free.
Context-free words are mainly found among proper and geographical names, titles of magazines and newspapers, names of various firms, organizations, ships and the like, as well as among technical terms used by experts in all fields of human endeavour.
Context-free words usually have permanent equivalents in target language
(TL), which in most cases, can be used in target text (TT).
The permanent equivalents of context-free words are often formed by transcription (with possible elements of transliteration) or loan translations.
Context bound words are words, the meaning of which largely depends on the context in which they are actualized. Context bound words may be:
Polysemantic - words with several meanings.
Monosemantic - words with only one meaning.
Example: "Few Europeans speak Mandarin“
"Few Europeans know the first thing about Mandarin"
Mandarin - 1. Chinese language, 2. Chinese imperial official, 3. Chinese fruit.
The context has also a decisive role to play in the selection of TL equivalents to the words of the original. In most cases, the meaning of a SL word can be rendered in TL by a number of regular equivalents.
Variable equivalents can be found not only to the polysemantic words but also to the monosemantic words as well as to a semantic variant of a polysemantic word,
that is, to one of its meanings which can be actualized in the course of communication.
In such cases after the translator has ascertained what meaning the word has in the original text he still has to choose one of the regular equivalents which fits the context best of all, eg.:
"This issue of the paper devoted about half of its twenty news columns to the trial of a murderer".
The context enables the translator to understand that the "issue“ refers here to a publication, the "paper" is a newspaper and the "column" is a department in that newspaper.