1682 – mission at Corpus Christi de la Ysleta established (El Paso)

• 1682 – mission at Corpus Christi de la Ysleta established (El Paso)

• Most Spanish activity in East Texas

• Fear of French settlements - ↑ in building missions, presidios (military settlements), and towns

• Learned of La Salle’s fort – sent Alonso de León to destroy fort

De León goes NW and meets group of Hasinai (called Tejas – meaning friend)

• De León goes NW and meets group of Hasinai (called Tejas – meaning friend)

• Angelina served as a guide and interpreter

• Only woman to have county, river, national forest, and town named after her

• Father Damián Massanet sought to have mission built in East Texas

• June 1, 1690 – San Francisco de los Tejas

San Francisco de los Tejas faced troubles

• San Francisco de los Tejas faced troubles

• Drought, disease, and rejection of Catholic faith

• France no longer a threat; therefore, mission abandoned

• 1699 – Mission San Juan Bautista “Mother of Texas Missions”

• Built near present-day Eagle Pass on Rio Grande
• Provided series of river crossings
• Grew into 3 missions, a presidio, and a town
• Base for many expeditions into East Texas
• Provided grain, cattle, and horses to E. Tex missionaries

• Father Francisco Hidalgo asks permission to return to E. Tex but is ignored

1699 – French colony established along mouth of Mississippi River

• 1699 – French colony established along mouth of Mississippi River

• French not interested in taking Indian territory or converting to Catholicism

• Made large profits by exchanging blankets, guns, and wine for furs, and skins

• Hoped to trade with Spanish merchants in Mexico, but Spanish law prohibited foreigners from trading in Spanish colonies

• Father Hidalgo asks French to establish mission among Tejas

• French see offer as an opening to trade

• Louis de St. Denis sent to negotiate with Spanish

• Captain Diego Ramón alarmed at unexpected arrival of French – St. Denis arrested but later allowed to escort Spanish to East Texas

1716 Spanish return to East Texas

• 1716 Spanish return to East Texas

• Spanish families come as well

• 1717 – 6 missions and a presidio (Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de los Tejas)

Need for midway settlement between Rio Grande and East Texas

• Need for midway settlement between Rio Grande and East Texas

• Spanish of East Texas had to trade with French or starve

• Presidio San Antonio de Bexar built in 1718

• Father Antonio de San Buenaventrua y Olivares founded San Antonio de Valero

1719 – War breaks out between Spain and France

• 1719 – War breaks out between Spain and France

• French soldiers seize Spanish mission near Nacogdoches

• Mission priest exaggerates size of invasion and causes a panic of Spanish families

• Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo heads to East Texas with 500 soldiers-settlers, thousands of horses and mules, and large herds of sheep and cattle

Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes established in Louisiana – made unofficial capital of Texas for almost 50 years

• Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes established in Louisiana – made unofficial capital of Texas for almost 50 years

• La Bahía del Espíritu Santo created near La Salle’s old fort (Fort St. Louis)

Aguayo established 9 missions, 2 villages, and 4 presidios

• Aguayo established 9 missions, 2 villages, and 4 presidios

• 1727 – Spain’s expenses too high

• 3 missions moved to San Antonio

• Boundary between Spain and France Texas

• Arroyo Hondo – river between Los Adaes and Natchitoches (Louisiana)

East Texas Native Americans not interested and left missionaries alone

• East Texas Native Americans not interested and left missionaries alone

• Plains culture resent invasion of hunting grounds

• Apaches raided San Antonio
• Comanches fought invaders and took Spanish horses

• San Xavier missions established and abandoned

• Apache raids
• Smallpox and measles
• Drought
• Tonkawas left

1757 – mission found in central Texas

• 1757 – mission found in central Texas

• Apaches wanted mission as protection against Comanches

• Comanches attacks took 30 lives

• Failure due to lack of supplies and people as well as distance from help

Teach Native Americans the Spanish way of life

• Teach Native Americans the Spanish way of life

• Sometimes force was used

• Native Americans

• Kept busy from dawn to dusk
• Started each day with prayers
• Children attended school
• Women wove cloth, molded pottery, & cooked
• Men farmed, learned carpentry, or blacksmithing

• Most Native Americans refused to stay at the missions

Isolated and poorly equipped

• Isolated and poorly equipped

• Difficult and dangerous duties

• Protect the mission and nearby settlements

• Maintain control over the Native Americans

• Scout countryside for intruders

• Military families brought to missions

San Antonio

• San Antonio

• Largest settlement
• Only authorized settlement with a voice in the government
• Elected an ayuntamiento (city council) and an alcalde (chief official)

• Los Adaes

• Nacogdoches

Mainly farmers – irrigated fields through an elaborate system of canals

• Mainly farmers – irrigated fields through an elaborate system of canals

• Ranchers

• Shopkeepers, barbers, tax collectors, servants, tailors, blacksmiths

• Population – Spaniards, Native Americans, Mestizos (mixture of Spanish and Native American)

Tejano – person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas his/her home

• Tejano – person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas his/her home

• Population

• Religion

• Language

• Customs today