1682 – mission at Corpus Christi de la Ysleta established (El Paso) 1682 – mission at Corpus Christi de la Ysleta established (El Paso) Fear of French settlements - ↑ in building missions, presidios (military settlements), and towns Learned of La Salle’s fort – sent Alonso de León to destroy fort
De León goes NW and meets group of Hasinai (called Tejas – meaning friend) De León goes NW and meets group of Hasinai (called Tejas – meaning friend) Angelina served as a guide and interpreter Father Damián Massanet sought to have mission built in East Texas - June 1, 1690 – San Francisco de los Tejas
San Francisco de los Tejas faced troubles - Drought, disease, and rejection of Catholic faith
France no longer a threat; therefore, mission abandoned 1699 – Mission San Juan Bautista “Mother of Texas Missions” - Built near present-day Eagle Pass on Rio Grande
- Provided series of river crossings
- Grew into 3 missions, a presidio, and a town
- Base for many expeditions into East Texas
- Provided grain, cattle, and horses to E. Tex missionaries
Father Francisco Hidalgo asks permission to return to E. Tex but is ignored
1699 – French colony established along mouth of Mississippi River French not interested in taking Indian territory or converting to Catholicism Made large profits by exchanging blankets, guns, and wine for furs, and skins Hoped to trade with Spanish merchants in Mexico, but Spanish law prohibited foreigners from trading in Spanish colonies Father Hidalgo asks French to establish mission among Tejas French see offer as an opening to trade Louis de St. Denis sent to negotiate with Spanish Captain Diego Ramón alarmed at unexpected arrival of French – St. Denis arrested but later allowed to escort Spanish to East Texas
1716 Spanish return to East Texas 1716 Spanish return to East Texas Spanish families come as well 1717 – 6 missions and a presidio (Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de los Tejas)
Need for midway settlement between Rio Grande and East Texas Spanish of East Texas had to trade with French or starve Presidio San Antonio de Bexar built in 1718 Father Antonio de San Buenaventrua y Olivares founded San Antonio de Valero
1719 – War breaks out between Spain and France 1719 – War breaks out between Spain and France Mission priest exaggerates size of invasion and causes a panic of Spanish families Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo heads to East Texas with 500 soldiers-settlers, thousands of horses and mules, and large herds of sheep and cattle
Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes established in Louisiana – made unofficial capital of Texas for almost 50 years Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes established in Louisiana – made unofficial capital of Texas for almost 50 years La Bahía del Espíritu Santo created near La Salle’s old fort (Fort St. Louis)
Aguayo established 9 missions, 2 villages, and 4 presidios Aguayo established 9 missions, 2 villages, and 4 presidios 1727 – Spain’s expenses too high 3 missions moved to San Antonio Boundary between Spain and France Texas - Arroyo Hondo – river between Los Adaes and Natchitoches (Louisiana)
East Texas Native Americans not interested and left missionaries alone Plains culture resent invasion of hunting grounds - Apaches raided San Antonio
- Comanches fought invaders and took Spanish horses
San Xavier missions established and abandoned - Apache raids
- Smallpox and measles
- Drought
- Tonkawas left
1757 – mission found in central Texas 1757 – mission found in central Texas Apaches wanted mission as protection against Comanches Comanches attacks took 30 lives Failure due to lack of supplies and people as well as distance from help
Teach Native Americans the Spanish way of life Sometimes force was used Native Americans - Kept busy from dawn to dusk
- Started each day with prayers
- Children attended school
- Women wove cloth, molded pottery, & cooked
- Men farmed, learned carpentry, or blacksmithing
Isolated and poorly equipped Isolated and poorly equipped Difficult and dangerous duties Protect the mission and nearby settlements Scout countryside for intruders Military families brought to missions
San Antonio San Antonio - Largest settlement
- Only authorized settlement with a voice in the government
- Elected an ayuntamiento (city council) and an alcalde (chief official)
Los Adaes Nacogdoches
Mainly farmers – irrigated fields through an elaborate system of canals Ranchers Shopkeepers, barbers, tax collectors, servants, tailors, blacksmiths Population – Spaniards, Native Americans, Mestizos (mixture of Spanish and Native American)
Tejano – person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas his/her home Tejano – person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas his/her home Population Religion Language Customs today
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