21. Climate change and its impact on the economic systems of the regions plan

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21.CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF THE 
REGIONS 
Plan 
1.Causes of climate change 
2.Green house effect 
 
It is known that in the 80s of the XX century, the average temperature in the northern 
hemisphere increased to +0.6 C than at the end of the XIX century. "Parnik effect". Judging by 
the predictions, the average temperature on the planet at the beginning of our century, again, can 
rise to +1.2 C. And the average temperature of the Earth's surface is +15 C. 
Depends on the amount of carbon dioxide. It can be explained by connecting with the 
increase in freons in the atmosphere. In the wound of such a parnik effect, the hiss of TPPs is 
large. In 1994, the Kyoto Protocol was drawn up. In this case, the regulation” on reducing the 
production of thermal gases by 5% in the 10th year " was adopted. The problems of studying 
climate change are the responsibility of British scientists. 2/3 of the territory of this state will be 
under water if the dam in the Netherlands will be demolished. The increase in temperature is 
associated with an increase in carbon dioxide and freons in the atmosphere. However, the 
opinion of British scientists is different. The reason is, it turns out that the climate can cool down 
in bundan a few decades after that. This is due to the fact that the currents coming from the 
Atlantic Ocean change in direction. 
Another reason for this, according to scientists from the National Center for 
Oceanography, is the slowing down of the warm flow of Golfstrim, which washes Great Britain 
and Northern Europe. This is the result of 50–year observations in the Atlantic Ocean. The first 
expeditions in this regard were carried out in 1957, 1981, 1992, when it was observed that the 
strength of the currents changed . In 1998, however, it was found that the speed of the streams 
decreased. Many Russian scientists are also of this opinion, that is, as long as the Earth's surface 
is on the verge of "global warming”, and not "global cooling”. 
Russian academician Yuri Izrael gives the following definition of this situation: –"many 
experts talk a lot about the fact that the average temperature of the Earth's surface has risen to 
+0.6 C over the past 100 years, which is difficult to overestimate. But this is the fate of our 
planet. The Earth's climate has been changing throughout its history. Many times on Earth, 
extreme, cooling and warming processes have occurred.” 
In addition, over the past 500 thousand years, freezing and warming processes have 
occurred 4 times. Is the climate warming or cooling? - the question arises. In response, it is 
possible to give an answer that global warming continues. 
Feedback on the Parnik effect was predicted in the 60-70s of the XX century. According 
to this, the climate of the planet is predicted to change on a global scale. Judging by the 
calculations, in the last 100th year, the Earth's surface has warmed up to 0.6 C. If the parnik 
effect develops as in the current period, the temperature increases by 0.5 C every ten years. This 
can lead to unexpected negative consequences. 
According to the identified data, if the temperature increases by 3-4 C, the boundaries of 
climatic regions can reach hundreds of kilometers north and South. As a result of the melting of 
glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and the Arctic Ocean, the level of the world ocean can rise to 
66 m and flood the coasts where 25% of the population lives. 
Developing countries suffer from climate change. Forest fires are taking place in Europe 
and other continents. In 2000, 1.2 million people suffered in the ravine. In the city of El Paso, 
Texas, 1.5 people live, and strict control is established in places where water flows. In 1994, the 
Kyoto Protocol was drawn up. In doing so: a protocol was signed to reduce the release of 
thermal gases by 5% in the 10th year. 2/3 of the country will be under water if the Dutch dam 
breaks. 
As a result of the increase in the average air temperature on the planet to 0.4–0.6 C in 
subsequent years, the Arctic and Antarctic glaciers are melting in some regions, causing global 

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economic and social problems such as rising ocean levels and a decrease in the drought and 
desertification process in some regions. By 2050, it is planned to reduce by 2 times. The US is 
planned to reduce by 60% by 2050. 
As a result of the global warming of the air on our planet, 250 thousand people were 
forced to leave their place of residence for the next decade. From Global warming and 
environmental destructions, first of all, children are smoking azyat. Even in developed countries, 
the most needy and vulnerable layer of the population suffers from globalization. This was also 
announced at the environmental conference in Brussels. 
According to studies, at the end of this hundred years, 75% of Alpine glaciers and 
Tibetan peaks that provide water melt. It is assumed that reefs, Tigers, large turtles in the Pacific 
Ocean, mango forests in the Sundarbans National Park, flowing into the Amazon, Ganges, 
Maldives goldenrod–all this will remain under water. But according to UN experts, the climate 
will improve in several countries. These are Russia, Canada and the Scandinavian countries. It is 
about a number of changes that it is precisely in agriculture that production rises sharply. It is 
difficult to challenge these conclusions, since the conclusions were made after more than 29 
thousand scientific data were checked. And 2/3 of this information indicates that our planet is 
increasingly warming.
The US plans to reduce the amount of dirty gases released into the atmosphere by 60% by 
2050 
As a result of industrial development, the amount of hydrocarbon gas entering the 
atmosphere increases every year. This is exacerbating the “buggy phenomenon“on our planet, 
generating drastic climate changes. As a result, natural disasters are increasing. In many regions 
of the world, the natural balance is disturbed: in some places there is much more precipitation 
than usual, in other regions drought is raging. A clear example of this will be cases of “violation 
of natural norms” observed in the current year itself. In the spring of 2010, strong floods 
occurred in some European countries, and summer came very hot and dry. 
According to the head of the World Meteorological Organization Michelle Jarro, if the 
average temperature on our planet rises to 7 degrees, then an equal half of the territory of the 
Earth will become unsuitable for life. Because some fertile lands face desertification, some are 
flooded. 
Climate changes also have a huge impact on the animal kingdom. According to the 
observations of ornithologists, due to global warming, long-term gangs living in India began a 
street to the northern lands. Scientists believe that after fifty years in our region, long-term 
parrots breed in relation to crows. 
The consequences of global climate change, which worries the whole world, are clearly 
felt in Europe. For example, the floods that caused the incessant rain that they liked in the spring 
destroyed several cities. In May, the air temperature reached its peak in the last 250 years. As a 
result of this, the area of glaciers in Italy and Switzerland began to shrink sharply. Experts say 
that due to climate change, there are ups and downs in the mountains, a change in river banks, a 
violation of landscapes. 
Signs of climate change have also been observed in Asia. In July-August, millions of 
people were left homeless due to the incessant rain they liked in Bangladesh and Pakistan. 
It is estimated that more than 100 million tons of hydrocarbons are released into the 
atmosphere every year. Therefore, 74 percent falls on the contribution of developed countries. 
According to scientists, it turns out that the carbonic acid released into the atmosphere as a result 
of forest fires is equal to 50% of industrial waste. Smoke rising into the air increases the amount 
of soot particles in the upper layer of the atmosphere. Ultimately, instead of the thermal energy 
coming to our planet from The Sun spreading back into the universe, it remains on the Earth 
itself, giving rise to a “vaporization phenomenon“. 

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The world community is carrying out a number of measures against global warming. In 
1997, the Kyoto Protocol was signed with the aim of cooperation in preventing climate change 
on the planet. This document, which came into force in 2005, provides for a gradual reduction in 
the amount of harmful gases released into the atmosphere. But these goals are not easy to 
achieve. Because in order to reduce harmful gases, it is necessary to stop the activities of 
industrial enterprises that are releasing them. And this means giving up income, strengthening 
the problem of unemployment. Therefore, a number of countries are coldly looking at the issue 
of fulfilling the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol. 
On the initiative of the UN, an international conference on the problems of global 
warming was held in Cancun, Mexico. we are not mistaken if we say proof that work on the 
restoration of natural balance on our planet has not stopped. It is attended by 25 thousand 
representatives from 193 countries. The idea expressed by concern at the conference was that the 
average temperature in the world rose by 2-3 percent, and this is an extreme threat. The 
conference participants urged all states, first of all, developed countries, not to retreat from 
spending on the way to restoring natural balance. In their opinion, it is desirable that developed 
countries provide new technologies to the “third world” countries, finance projects aimed at 
establishing environmentally friendly production. 
Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting all the physiological 
functions of all living organisms. On Earth, temperature depends on latitude and altitude above 
sea level, as well as the season, therefore, in the human environment, it is never constant and the 
organism needs to adapt (adapt) to its changing conditions. 
Adaptation to low temperatures is manifested in a number of adaptive changes that occur 
in the body, for example: muscle tremors, increased metabolism, heat generation in the 
abdominal organs - the liver and kidneys, narrowing of blood vessels, etc. 
Adaptation to an increase in temperature the external environment manifests itself in an 
increase in heat transfer through vasodilation, increased blood circulation, intense sweating, etc. 
The initial period of Saturday's dark fires affected the southeastern part of Australia and, 
according to the Victorian Ministry of Health, it was the heat that caused the death of 374 people 
more than expected during this period. Although more droughts and floods and storms may 
continue in some parts of the world, in terms of food security, the result is the same: crops are 
damaged and crops are damaged. But this is only part of the story. 
As the average temperature in the world continues to rise, in many regions the quality of 
the products obtained from the main food products, as well as the nutrients contained in the 
nutrients, decreases. Shifts in the precipitation system have similar consequences. 
The perception of temperature is purely individual: some love cold and cold winters, 
while others are hot and dry. Human health largely depends on weather conditions: in winter, 
people often catch colds (flu, tonsillitis, etc.). 
One of the abiotic factors affecting the human body in the conditions of living in 
mountainous regions is a change in the partial pressure of atmospheric gases, in particular 
oxygen, as well as a decrease in average daily temperature and an increase in solar radiation. 
Adaptation to such conditions depends on the physiological characteristics and physical fitness 
of the body. The absence of these leads to "Mountain disease", accompanied by weakness, heart 
rate, headache, depression, loss of consciousness, etc. 
Small agriculture-dependent communities suffer the most from crop failure. Subsequent 
malnutrition undermines the physical and mental development of young children and makes 
people susceptible to infectious diseases and certain diseases of late adulthood.
An increase in the average temperature in the world and an even greater increase in some 
regional temperatures can change the boundaries of some infectious diseases. Examples of 
vectors are flies, midges and ticks. Organisms such as flies, midges and ticks. For example, the 
vector for malaria is the Anopheles mosquito. The predisposition to vector diseases depends on 
the infectious microbe, its owner and the relationship between people, which can be influenced 
by environmental changes. 

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For those who plan a hike to the mountains, climbing, special training, medical advice are 
needed. 
Ambient temperature affects the life of the human population: an increase or decrease in 
population density depending on the average annual temperature in specific geographic zones, 
seasonal temperature changes. 
The rise in temperature and the change in precipitation can open areas for different 
vectors that were previously too cold or too dry. Such an expansion of their habitat and seasonal 
activities increases the geographical distribution of the diseases to which they are transmitted. 
For example, in the mountainous regions of East Africa, the warming of the regions in recent 
decades has led to the gradual spread of malaria to high altitudes. 
Biological rhythms or biorhythms are regular quantitative and qualitative changes in vital 
processes that occur at all levels of life: molecular, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population and 
biosphere. 
The study of biorhythms deals with science - chronobiology (from the Greek language. 
"Chronos" - hour, time). In the process of evolution, for hundreds of millions of years, there was 
a process of adaptation of living organisms to the periodic change of day and night, seasons, 
associated with the basic rhythms of the Earth, as a result of which their life led to rhythmic 
processes. - biorhythmic. 
Infectious diseases are health problems such as food poisoning. Maintaining this visible 
effect of climate change can significantly affect even more distant effects of changes in socio-
economic conditions associated with climate change, whether for health or not directly. Lack of 
food, water or habitable land can lead to conflicts and displacement of people. As a result, the 
increase in people in refugee camps and the search for shelter in other countries also affect the 
physical and mental health of people. 
Distinguish between internal and external biorhythms. Biorhythms have a different 
frequency, expressed in fractions of seconds, seconds, minutes, days, months, years and several 
years. 
For example, in rhythms determined by fractions of a second, nerve impulses - 0.001 C, 
cardiac cycle - 0.8 C, breathing (breathing-exhalation) - 8 C, peristalsis of an empty stomach - 30 
min, Daily (day and night), monthly (menstrual cycle of a woman), annual (childbirth), etc. 
Even in rich communities, climate change can change economic conditions. Possible 
consequences of this are cases of job loss and uncertainty, damage to mental and physical well-
being. 
These less obvious consequences of climate change will be very important and 
significant. They may not affect immediate feeding costs or large amounts of flooding, but this 
does not reduce their importance in any way. They live everywhere and for a long time. 
Rich countries and social groups adapt best to climate change. They can use technology 
to reduce the effects of raising temperatures and maintain high-quality health and emergency 
infrastructure to reduce damage caused by extreme events such as floods, fires and droughts. 
Poor countries, without support, will be less protected. 
Researchers have come to the conclusion that repetitive cycles are internal (endogenous) 
in nature, in other words, the body has an "internal clock" that somehow controls daily activity. 
The twenty-four-hour cycle, which we encounter in everyday life, is associated with the fact that 
the internal clock is "corrected" by external events, especially changes in day and night. Social 
factors play an important role in adjusting a person's internal clock, that is, adapting it to work 
time, routine, food intake, etc. 
Now that we can somehow curb greenhouse gas emissions. Even a slight increase in the 
average temperature rise in the world can significantly affect extreme weather phenomena, food 
productivity and the spread of the disease. Uncertainty and calm should not be avoided in order 
to avoid measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The risk to human well-being is great; 
prevention is much better and easier than treatment. 

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Since many suffer from the hottest temperatures recorded this summer, people are clearly 
interested in how the weather affects our mood. For example, how does hot air affect our mood? 
Does it make us more aggressive or even more violent? 
The results of the study show that the mechanism of the internal clock is associated with 
the activity of the hypothalamus - the most important regulatory center of the brain. 
Ignoring daily biorhythms can harm human health. For example, blood pressure is 
usually lower in the morning and rises throughout the day. If a person turns to a doctor only in 
the morning, he can believe that blood pressure is normal, in fact, during the day and in the 
evening it can increase significantly, which is dangerous, since such a person does not take it he 
needs treatment.