4-mavzu: Suyaklarning tuzilishi, shakllari, kimyoviy tarkibi

First Aid for Cracks

Plan

1. 
   The main types of cracks
   
2. 
   Principles of first aid
   
3. 
   Signs of a fracture
   
4. 
   First aid measures for cracks
   

People are injured during accidents, emergencies and natural disasters. Often these are cracks, which are accompanied by blood loss and pain shocks. The success of subsequent treatment largely depends on the timely and correct provision of first aid for open and closed fractures.

The main types of cracks

Often cracks are divided into closed and open. In the first case, the skin is not injured, in the second - the skin is torn and bone fragments can come out of the wound. Tissue infection occurs with an open fracture, so recovery takes longer. The following types of fractures are distinguished according to the nature of the damage to the bones and adjacent tissues. broken - formed as a result of bone breakage, complex - bone nerve fibers as well as internal organs are affected, transplanted - bone fragments relative to each other It can also be partial in the form of a broken crack. Such disruption of bone integrity is more common in children due to the elasticity of the bone tissue.

Principles of first aid With first aid, you significantly reduce the risk of complications - infection, pain shocks, replacement of fragments. The principles of operation are similar to open and closed fractures, but there are some nuances that need to be familiarized with.
First aid for broken legs

Consider the algorithm of actions and the rules of first aid for fractures of the extremities:

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  Look around and make sure there is no danger to yourself and the victim.
  
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  If the person has no signs of life, take resuscitation measures and only then help with the fracture.
  
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  Call the SMP team.
  
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  If there is arterial bleeding, take steps to stop it.
  
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  Try not to change the position of the victim’s body and limbs, especially if a spinal fracture is suspected. If you need to remove clothing or shoes - do so carefully, starting with a healthy foot.
  
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  Take precautions to prevent pain shock.
  
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  Provide immobilization.
  

Until an ambulance arrives, you should be close to the victim, control breathing, pulsation, and consciousness, and try to calm him down.

If the fracture is open, care should be taken to stop the bleeding by selecting the most appropriate method without changing the position of the injured arm. The skin around the wound should be treated with an antiseptic solution, then apply clean clothing. After that, you can prepare the tires, they should fit the length and fix the damaged area. The victim should be given peace of mind before the ambulance arrives. If the neck bone is broken, a roll should be placed inside the bracelet, the arm should be bent at the elbow, hung on a scarf, and tied to the body.




Signs of a fracture The main symptoms of the disorder are severe pain, swelling and pathological mobility in the injured area. There are additional signs depending on the type and location of the fracture, but three major, sometimes one-to-one severe pain is sufficient to suspect a fracture. The fact is that the swelling is not always noticeable to the inexperienced eye. For example, it can be difficult to detect in people with intense physics, and in some cases it may not be very accurate. As for pathological mobility, it is not always detectable, for example, if it is near a broken joint.
The doctor can pinpoint the presence of a fracture after an x-ray, and for first aid, any bone fracture that is accompanied by severe pain that intensifies while moving is considered. If the subsequent injury is less serious, such as bruising or dislocation, and first aid is given, such as a fracture, it will not cause any harm to the victim, however, underestimating the severity of the injury can lead to very serious complications .

First aid measures for cracks First aid for fractures is immobilization, ie. immobility to the injured part of the body and prompt delivery of the victim to a medical facility. It is important to follow the general rules during immobilization:

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  There is no need to try to give the injured bone the right shape. This can lead to pain shock, as well as additional (secondary) injuries to soft and hard tissues,
  
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  If the fracture is open and broken parts of the bone are visible, you should not try to “push” them into the soft tissue. If there are broken cracks, there is no need to try to remove or install the pieces. Immobilize the affected area at the time of emergency care,
  
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  You can’t take a victim with multiple injuries, including multiple fractures, as well as the spine and pelvis. For this type of fracture, first aid is provided on the spot and the ambulance is involved in the delivery to the hospital,
  
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  With severe pain, you can give the victim a painkiller. Paracetamol, Analgin or other painkillers are suitable,
  
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  During the cold season, care should be taken to ensure that the victim is not overburdened, including by not lifting the injured limb excessively. To do this, you can throw something from a warm dress or blanket on him and give the victim hot tea (if possible).