501 Critical Reading Questions
In 1804 President Thomas Jefferson sent Army Officers Meriwether Lewis and
Download 0.98 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
501 Critical Reading Questions
In 1804 President Thomas Jefferson sent Army Officers Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark on an expedition to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase and beyond and to look for a waterway that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This passage describes the collision of cultures that occurred between Native Americans and the representatives of the United States government. When Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark into the West, he pat- terned their mission on the methods of Enlightenment science: to observe, collect, document, and classify. Such strategies were already in place for the epic voyages made by explorers like Cook and Van- couver. Like their contemporaries, Lewis and Clark were more than representatives of European rationalism. They also represented a ris- ing American empire, one built on aggressive territorial expansion and commercial gain. But there was another view of the West: that of the native inhabi- tants of the land. Their understandings of landscapes, peoples, and resources formed both a contrast and counterpoint to those of Jeffer- son’s travelers. One of Lewis and Clark’s missions was to open diplo- matic relations between the United States and the Native American nations of the West. As Jefferson told Lewis, “it will now be proper you should inform those through whose country you will pass . . . that henceforth we become their fathers and friends.” When Euro-Amer- icans and Native Americans met, they used ancient diplomatic proto- cols that included formal language, ceremonial gifts, and displays of military power. But behind these symbols and rituals there were often very different ways of understanding power and authority. Such dif- ferences sometimes made communication across the cultural divide difficult and open to confusion and misunderstanding. An important organizing principle in Euro-American society was hierarchy. Both soldiers and civilians had complex gradations of rank to define who gave orders and who obeyed. While kinship was impor- tant in the Euro-American world, it was even more fundamental in tribal societies. Everyone’s power and place depended on a complex network of real and symbolic relationships. When the two groups met—whether for trade or diplomacy—each tried to reshape the other in their own image. Lewis and Clark sought to impose their own notions of hierarchy on Native Americans by “making chiefs” with medals, printed certificates, and gifts. Native people tried to impose the obligations of kinship on the visitors by means of adoption cere- monies, shared names, and ritual gifts. 501 Download 0.98 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling