A. Israel Crossroads between Asia and Africa


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A. Israel

  • A. Israel

  • 1. Crossroads between Asia and Africa.

  • 2. Traders and armies going from Asia and Africa have had to travel through this area.

  • 3. Empires and nations throughout history have sought to control the territory because of its location.



4. Occupied Territories of Israel.

  • 4. Occupied Territories of Israel.

  • a. Areas taken from Arab nations following a war.

  • b. In the north – Golan Heights

  • 1) Allows Israel to control crucial high ground from which they can defend themselves from their enemy, Syria.



c. West Bank- area along the west bank of the Jordan River and East Jerusalem.

  • c. West Bank- area along the west bank of the Jordan River and East Jerusalem.

  • d. Great tension between Arabs and Israelis.

  • 1) Arabs want land back.

  • 2) Israelis say they won it when Arab attacked them and Israel won.

  • 3) Israeli settlers moved into these areas, Arabs often respond with violent protests.



5. Capital of Israel is Jerusalem.

  • 5. Capital of Israel is Jerusalem.

  • a. Sacred city

  • 1) Jews- King Solomon’s temple

  • 2) Christians- Jesus crucified and rose from dead

  • 3) Muslims – Muhammad ascended to heaven



6. Christians and Muslims fought for Jerusalem during the Crusades.

  • 6. Christians and Muslims fought for Jerusalem during the Crusades.

  • 7. In 1948, Israel became an independent nation and occupies all of Jerusalem especially after the Six Day War.



1. Israel oversees the Gaza Strip along the Mediterranean coast between Israel and Egypt.

  • 1. Israel oversees the Gaza Strip along the Mediterranean coast between Israel and Egypt.

  • 2. Most people who live here are Palestinians. They resent Israel.

    • a. 38 yrs Israel’s military occupied the area.
    • b. In 2005, the Israelis pulled out and radical Palestinian groups have used Gaza to launch attacks against Israel.


c. Israel has been accused of striking back and hurting innocent civilians living there.

  • c. Israel has been accused of striking back and hurting innocent civilians living there.

  • d. In 2008, Israel cut off fuel and electricity to the Gaza Strip to end the Palestinian strikes.



1. Found in most of the Arabian Peninsula.

  • 1. Found in most of the Arabian Peninsula.

  • 2. The Red Sea is to the west of Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is to the east.

  • 3. Saudi Arabia exports more oil than any other nation on earth.

  • 4. Oil accounts for over 2/3 of the Saudi government’s revenue.

  • 5. It is the home of Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.



6. Mountain ranges run along the west.

  • 6. Mountain ranges run along the west.

  • 7. Plateau of Nejd covers much of the nation’s center.

  • 8. Rocky and sandy lowlands on the eastern side along the Persian Gulf.

  • 9. South is covered by dry, harsh desert.

  • 10. Climate is extremely hot and dry.



11. Saudi Arabia is a Muslim state.

  • 11. Saudi Arabia is a Muslim state.

  • 12. The Qur’an, other Muslim writings, and generations of tradition combine to form Saudi Arabia’s laws.

  • 13. These laws greatly restrict women’s rights.

  • 14. The Saudis also practice a strict legal code, beat offenders or cut off their hands or death for crimes.



15. Most Saudis are Arabs.

  • 15. Most Saudis are Arabs.

  • 16. 200,000 Palestinians live in Saudi Arabia.

  • 17. Saudi Arabia will not give citizenship to these Palestinians because it would lead to the loss of Palestinian identity and the end of anti-Israeli resistance.

  • 18. Saudi Arabia hosts many foreign workers, in its oil industry.



1. Lies east of Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.

  • 1. Lies east of Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.

  • 2. It is west of Iran.

  • 3. Area is known as “cradle of civilization.”

  • 4. Capital is Baghdad.

  • 5. Country is mostly desert.



6. 2 of the world’s oldest and most important rivers run through the country:

  • 6. 2 of the world’s oldest and most important rivers run through the country:

  • a. Tigris River

  • 1) runs south out of Turkey and past Baghdad then joins the Euphrates River.

  • b. Euphrates River

  • 2) Empties into the Persian Gulf south through Syria and Iraq.



7. Mountains cover most of the northern Iraq.

  • 7. Mountains cover most of the northern Iraq.

  • 8. Winters are mild an cool with summers being extremely hot and dry.

  • 9. In the higher mountain elevations, cold winter produce snowfalls that can cause flooding in the Spring.

  • 10. Has abundant oil and natural gas reserves.

  • 11. Experts say that close to 90% of Iraq’s oil is yet to be drilled.



1. Once known as Persia, sits at the heart of the Persian Gulf.

  • 1. Once known as Persia, sits at the heart of the Persian Gulf.

  • 2. It is one of the largest countries in Southwest Asia.

  • 3. Most of Iran sits in the Iranian Plateau.

  • 4. Very mountainous country with large populations living in the west.

  • 5. Eastward lie desert regions because of the western mountains preventing rain from reaching them.



6. Persian (Farsi) is the official language not Arabic.

  • 6. Persian (Farsi) is the official language not Arabic.

  • 7. Various ethnic groups call Iran home:

    • a. Azeris
    • b. Turks
    • c. Kurds
    • d. Arabs
    • e. Persians


1. Sits directly east of Iran.

  • 1. Sits directly east of Iran.

  • 2. Crossroad of eastern and western Asia.

  • 3. Has historically been an important area for trade and is home to a diverse population.

  • 4. It is extremely mountainous.

  • 5. Has no borders on any bodies of water

  • 6. Very dry, hot and extremely cold in winter.

  • 7. Because of its location has lots of earthquakes.



1. Covers the Anatolian Peninsula in Southwest Asia.

  • 1. Covers the Anatolian Peninsula in Southwest Asia.

  • 2. It lies at the crossroad of Europe and Asia.

  • 3. The modern Republic of Turkey was founded after WWI and the fall of the Ottoman Empire.



A. Important bodies of Water

  • A. Important bodies of Water

    • 1. Rivers
      • a. Tigris River runs through Turkey,Iraq,Kuwait
      • b. Euphrates River runs through Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Kuwait
      • c. Jordan River runs along the border between Jordan, Syria, West Bank and Israel.
        • 1) Considered a sacred river
          • a) Jews believe it is the river Joshua crossed in Biblical records.
          • b) Christians recognize it as the river in which Jesus was baptized.


2. Suez Canal

  • 2. Suez Canal

    • a. A man made waterway across part of Egypt.
    • b. It connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
    • c. It allows ships to travel back and forth between two bodies of water without having to travel around the south of Africa.


3. Red Sea

  • 3. Red Sea

    • a. Sits between North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula’s western shore.
    • b. It has long allowed Asia and Africa to engage in trade with one another by water, while providing countries like Egypt access to the Indian Ocean.


4. Persian Gulf

  • 4. Persian Gulf

    • a. Separates the eastern shore of Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
    • b. Nations around the world recognize its importance to the world economy.
    • c. It provides trading access for the abundant oil exports from Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.
    • d. This importance also makes it an area where many wars are fought.


Strait of Hormuz

  • Strait of Hormuz

    • A narrow strait that connects the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea.


South-Rub’alKhali



Turkmenuistan- Kara Kum

  • Turkmenuistan- Kara Kum

  • Iran –

  • Dasht e-Kavir

  • &

  • Dash-e Lut



Turkey –

  • Turkey –

    • Taurus Mts.
  • Azerbaijan –

    • Caucasus
  • Iran –

    • Elburt Mts
    • Zagros Mts.


Afghanistan –

  • Afghanistan –

    • Elburt Mts.
    • Zagros Mts.
  • Saudi Arabia –

    • Hejaz Mts.
    • Asir Mts.
  • Yemen –

    • Hadramawt






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