А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya Essential English for Medical Students Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged

What do we call a person who
1. discovers something? 2. founds some new theories? 3. investigates some phenomena? 4. researches in some field of science? 5. observes some changes in the experiments?
XX* Read and translate Text B. Remember the given data to be able to answer the questions:
Text B. The Exchange of Gases in the Lungs
The exchange of gases takes place in the alveoli [‘aelviolai] of the lungs. Oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes into the atmospheric air.
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is due to the difference of partial (парциальное) pressure of these gases in the alveolar air and in the venous blood.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar air is higher than in the venous blood. The transfer of oxygen from the atmospheric air into the blood is due to this difference of pressures.
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in the venous blood and this enables carbon dioxide to pass from the blood into alveolar air.
The process of transfer of gases into the medium [‘miidiam] (среда) with a lower partial pressure is called diffusion. Hemoglobin is that substance of the blood which transfers oxygen in the blood. The oxygen capacity of the blood averages to 18-20 millilitres (ml) per 100 gr of blood. Carbon dioxide is transferred in combination with hemoglobin and as bicarbonic salts.
The combination of oxygen and hemoglobin is called oxyhemoglobin, that of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin — carbohemoglobin.
LESSON 20
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
1 .* Найдите подлежащие и сказуемые в этом предложении. 2* Сколько в нем предложений? 3.* Какая зависимость между этими предложениями?

4. 
   * Что опущено между этими предложениями? 5.* Переведите все предложение.
   

Б. Прочтите и сравните следующие предложения:
а) I know my friend is not ill.
б) My friend you know well is not ill.

1. 
   Определите виды придаточных предложений в а) и б) и скажите, как они соединяются с главным? 2. Как переводятся на русский язык бессоюзные придаточные предложения?
   
2. 
   Определите виды придаточных предложений и переведите их:
   

1. We know well Servet was the first anatomist to describe the pulmonary circulation in the first half of the 16th century (1536-1538). 2. The phenomenon of the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs Sechenov investigated is due to the law of diffusion of gas from the fluid into the air. 3. The vital capacity of the lungs many physiologists have studied changes in some cardiac and pulmonary diseases. 4. The great English anatomist W. Harvey found out the heart changed its colour during the contractions.

3. 
   Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:
   

associate [a’soujleit] v соединять; связывать; [a’soujlit] а объединенный; тесно связанный
passage [¹paesid3] и проход; проток
brealhe [bri:d] v дышать; breathe in вдыхать; breathe out выдыхать
flow [flou] n ток, течение; струя; v течь; циркулировать
decrease [di:’kri:s] v уменыыать(ся); спадать; понижать(ся)
depth [dep0] n глубина
fat [faet] n жир; а жирный; упитанный
amount [a’maunt] n количество

4. 
   * Переведите однокоренные слова:
   

associate, associated, associative, association; particular, particularly, particularity; change, changed, changing, changeable, exchange; connection, connective, connected; deep, deeply, depth

5. 
   Вставьте недостающие по смыслу слова из данных ниже. Глаголы поставьте в соответствующей форме (письменно):
   

1. 
   On physical exertion the patient’s ... became deep.
   
2. 
   When the temperature is high a patient usually ... deeply.
   

3. 
   When one ... the lungs dilate. 4. When one... the lungs contract.
   

breathe, breathe out, breath, breathe in

6. 
   1. Прочтите текст С. 2. Найдите: а) неопределенно-личные обороты и переведите их; б) Present Participle, определите его функции и переведите предложения. 3. Составьте пять вопросов к этому тексту. 4. Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
   

имеет особое значение для, происходящий в легких, принимают участие в выработке
Text С. The Physiology of the Lungs
The physiology of the lungs is associated with their structure. There are over 700,000,000 alveoli in the lungs. The total surface of the alveoli is about 90 sq. m (square metres). The lungs have many capillaries with the total surface of about 80 sq. m. This particular structure of the lungs enables the exchange of gases between the alveolar air and the blood.
Elastic fibers of connective tissue composing the walls of the alveoli, alveolar passages and the visceral pleura enable the lungs to dilate.
When one breathes normally not all the alveoli and capillaries of the lungs are opened. When respiration becomes deep, the number of the opened alveoli and capillaries increases. The flow of blood into the lungs increases when one breathes in and it decreases when one breathes out.
The regulation of the vital capacity of the lungs is of particular importance to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide taking place in the lungs. It is considered that in the adult the vital capacity of the lungs is about 3-4 litres. When the depth of respiration increases the vital capacity may be 6 litres and even more.
The lungs take part in the production of physiologically active substances, in the regulation of blood coagulation, in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.