А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya Essential English for Medical Students Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged

Pick out the sentences corresponding fo Text A:

1. 
   a) Artificial immunity results from prophylactic vaccination, b) Artificial immunity is due to the formation of specific antitoxins. 2. a) Immunity may vary depending on various conditions, b) Immunity may be present only in certain persons. 3. a) Toxins produce the characteristic symptoms of a particular infectious disease, b) Some microorganisms, like mucobacterium tuberculosis, produce little or no toxin during growth.
   

15. 
    1. Read Text B. 2. Determine the meaning of the words in bold type from the context. 3. Say about what Pasteur spoke in his lecture. 4. What conclusion have you come to having read the text?
    

Text B. Asepsis
If all the works carried out by the great French researcher Pasteur were divided into three groups they would form three great discoveries.
The first one might be formulated thus: “Each fermentation is produced by the development of a particular microbe.”
The second one might be given this formula: “Each infectious disease is produced by the development of a particular microbe within the human organism.”
The third one might be the following: “The microbe of an infectious disease, under certain conditions, is attenuated¹ in its pathogenic activity; from a microbe it becomes a vaccine.”
In 1878 while delivering his lecture on the theory of microbes at the Academy of Sciences in Paris Pasteur said that if he were a surgeon, who knew of the dangers produced by microbes existing on the surface of every object, particularly in hospitals, not only should he use clean instruments, but after washing his hands with the greatest care, he would employ only those bandages and charpie² which had been heated to a temperature of 130° or 150°C.
If he employed the water he would heat it to a temperature of 110° or 120°C, since observation had shown the clearest water to contain still greater number of microbes.
Had those principles of asepsis, on which Pasteur insisted, not been strictly followed in medicine thousands and thousands of human lives would have been lost because of sepsis.