Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
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- How to Speak Accounting 23 How Fine a Sieve
- Accrual basis
Cash vs. Accrual
As you can see, an accounting system offers a great deal more than a simple checkbook. There are two basic approaches to accounting; you’ll want to choose one for your business. The two approaches are accrual basis and cash basis. In this chapter, our example used accrual accounting. You can rec- ognize accrual accounting because you see an asset category called accounts receivable and you see short-term liabilities for bills you need to pay. You can see how valuable accrual accounting is for the internal management How to Speak Accounting 23 How Fine a Sieve? One damaging mistake new managers make is to try and break every transaction down into its most basic atomic elements. If you go below three layers, you’ve almost certainly gone too far, unless you work for a very, very large organization.You may want to have an account for Computers and then break that down into Computers: Hardware and Computers: Software.There may even be a need to break the Software account down into, say, Accounting Software and Scheduling Software. Beyond that you create problems for whoever will be recording the transactions and whoever must build the information back up to analyze.You also create a complex structural system that invites error. As in all things, Keep It Simple, Señor/Señora/Señorita. Accrual basis An accounting method that tracks income when you send an invoice, even before you receive payment, and tracks expenses when an invoice comes in, even before you pay it. Cash basis An accounting method that tracks income when you receive the checks or cash and tracks expenses when you make payments. Webster01.qxd 8/29/2003 4:31 PM Page 23 of your business. It keeps you from being fooled by a big bal- ance in your checking account when you have lots of bills to pay. It also lets you know when business is starting to pick up, as accounts receivable goes up even before the money comes in, and it helps you with collections. In addition, accrual accounting gives you a special report of accounts receivable called the aging report that shows you who owes you money— and how late they are in paying it. We will talk more about accrual and cash basis in Chapter 2. At this point you may feel a bit like you’ve been “rode hard and put up wet,” as we say in South Texas. I just wanted to get past the fear factor as quickly as possi- ble. We’ll look at these concepts further as we navigate through the other general concepts of accounting, financial and management accounting, taxes, accounting sys- tems, financial ratio analysis, and auditing. But that should not be difficult, since you now understand the basics. Believe me, you’ve got it licked. It’s all downhill from here. Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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