Activity kam translation, types of translation

Activity 2. Read the statements below and decide if they are true or false:

1. 
   Translation is action that aims to render the source text into another language.
   
2. 
   The structure of the translation can be free.
   
3. 
   The first work which is done in translation process is to understand the contents of target text.
   
4. 
   First stage of analysis – translator transforms the original structures into the nuclear structure.
   
5. 
   Literary translation deals with non – literary texts.
   

Activity 3. Try to translate the text which is given below into Uzbek / Russian.
When language teachers are asked about what culture means to them, they most frequently answer by listing subjects such as literature, geography and arts. Although these subjects are all extremely important ingredients, it seems that there are other equally significant components of culture that should find their way into second and foreign language classrooms.

Subjects like literature, geography, history and arts are often placed under the umbrella term “civilisation” or “big C” culture as opposed to the category of “little c” culture (Halverson, 1985), which includes elements that are perhaps less visible and less tangible and have no traditional subjects assigned to them in schools. However, Bennett (1997: 16) rightfully claims that “to avoid becoming a fluent fool, we need to understand more completely the cultural dimension of language”.

These definitions of culture all suggest that the cultural elements to be included in language education cover much more than the traditional list of compulsory facts about the civilisation of one or two of the target cultures. In this guide, therefore, “culture” will be used as a collective noun referring to both facts about civilisation and information about beliefs, customs, social practices, values and behaviour. Within this larger concept, civilisation or achievement culture will be referred to with the commonly used term of “big C” culture, and the other elements from beliefs to behaviour will be called “little c” culture (Halverson, 1985) for the sake of clarity and simplicity.

Activity 4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from below.

The second half of the 20^th century has seen _________ study of translation. It has been claimed abroad that translation studies began _________ with Holmes`s paper presented at the Third International Congress of Applied Linguistics. The main _________ of Translation Theory is to determine appropriate translation methods for the widest possible _________ of texts & to give insight into the translation process, into the relations between thought and language. We should also differentiate the terms translating and rendering. When we translate we express in another language not only what is _________ in the source text but also how it is done. In __________, we only convey the ideas of the source text.

Rendering range in 1972 concern in – depth convey