Actual problems of modern science, education and training

Literature review. The main advantage of natural science disciplines is that students encounter many natural facts and phenomena in the process of life, therefore they have some knowledge of the disciplines they study. The task of the teacher in the learning process is to transform seemingly long-known facts into scientific knowledge, while teaching students to correctly express their opinions and think independently [1]. To improve the educational process, it is necessary to use both long-proven methodological techniques (didactic material, workbooks, test tasks, test papers, oral
surveys, and others), as well as innovative forms of education using computer technology, multimedia equipment, distance learning. The combination of methods will allow to implement the tasks at a higher level [2].
Educational and methodological work should also be aimed at improving traditional methods. When conducting lectures and practical classes in the natural sciences, the teacher introduces the student to the problems of the topic being studied, interests her in complex aspects. At the same time, multimedia lectures, educational films, and computer testing are used to optimize perception. Unfortunately, the large amount of material studied often does not allow delving into important and interesting details of the topic. Such methods as special courses, circle work, independent work of students come to the rescue.
Analysis. In a modern university, special attention is paid to independent work. This type of activity is not just an important form of the educational process, but should become its basis, one of the ways to adapt to professional activities in the modern world. The teacher should teach the student not to passively consume knowledge, but to be its active creator [3]. Consequently, independent work should move from the method of consolidating the material covered to the method of forming a creative personality capable of self-development, self-education, and innovative activity.
Methods of problem-based and developmental learning can be widely used. At the same time, a cognitive problem is posed that requires an active independent search [4]. The teacher directs the students' activities to establish cause-and-effect relationships, to discover new facets of the subject under consideration.
Methods for improving training sessions are diverse. Their choice depends on the curriculum, specialization features, professional orientation, goals and objectives of training. All methods and methodological techniques in teaching natural sciences should be closely interconnected and aimed at finding interdisciplinary connections [5]. The choice of method will then be successful and optimal when the best results are obtained in a short study time.
The cost-effectiveness of the method, achieving the maximum effect with the least amount of time is one of the most important tasks of the educational process.
In the organization of educational and methodological work, the ability of the educational system to respond quickly to the changing demands of society is of paramount importance, and innovation is a condition for creating a mechanism for adapting to the new economic, social and demographic situation in the country and region [6].