Al-Kutub al-Sittah

part of God's order spoken of by Moses and even mentioned by Jesus."
[95]
Other Views
Wailing wall
On the subject of the Wailing Wall, Qaradawi said:
“
The Jews' claim to Al-Buraq Wall dates back only to recent times. The longest reign of the Jews lasted for 434 years. Their reign in Palestine
dates back to the times of Kings Saul, David and Solomon. Solomon’s sons split after his decease: Jude headed for Jerusalem while the state of
Israel was established in Shechem, that is Nablus. The Jewish state in Nablus lasted for 298 years and the former for 434. This is the longest
period that the Jews reigned. So those who claim that they have a long history in Israel are liars. That history lasted for only 434 years. The
Arabs, on the other hand, have been present in Palestine since the days of the Jebusites and the Canaanites, that is 30 centuries before the birth
of Christ. Their history under the umbrella of Islam lasted for more than 14 centuries or even longer. Before the advent of Islam, there had
been no Jews in Palestine because since 70 C.E. there had been no trace of Jews or Israelis in Palestine.
”
Mecca Time
In April 2008, at a conference in Qatar titled "Mecca: the Center of the Earth, Theory and Practice", al-Qaradawi
advocated the implementation of Mecca Time to replace the Greenwich Meridian as the basis of the world time zone
system.
[96]
Muhammed Cartoon Controversy
Al-Qaradawi called for a "Day of Anger" over the cartoons,
[97] 
but condemned violent actions in response to them.
Amman Message
Al-Qaradawi is one of the Ulama signatories of the Amman Message, which gives a broad foundation for defining
Muslim orthodoxy.
[98]
Salman Rushdie
Al-Qaradawi endorsed Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's call to execute novelist Salman Rushdie for blasphemy in
regared to his novel The Satanic Verses, stating that "Rushdie disgraced the honor of the Prophet and his family and
defiled the values of Islam."
[99]

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
147
Muslim Brotherhood
Al-Qaradawi was a follower of Hasan al-Banna during his youth and a longtime member of the Muslim
Brotherhood.
[17] 
He has twice turned down offers to be its leader.
[100] 
In an interview on the Dream channel,
al-Qaradawi states the following about his relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood (MB):
[101]
“
I joined the Muslim Brotherhood Group and worked with Imam al-Banna. I was influenced by al-Banna’s moderate thoughts and principles
...(Later) MB asked me to be a chairman, but I preferred to be a spiritual guide for the entire nation... MB consider me their Mufti, but I don’t
have a relation with the organization, because being an MB chairman is something difficult requiring a highly sophisticated wisdom, and I
prefer to be devoted to the entire nation, and I feel comfortable with this decision. I like MB and consider them the nearest group to be
righteous.
”
Views of other scholars
Muslim academics
In 2004, 2,500 Muslim academics from Saudi Arabia, Iraq and from the Palestinian territories condemned
al-Qaradawi, and accused him of giving "Islam a bad name." with regard to his views on the rights of Palestinians to
defend themselves against Israelis.
[102][103]
Islamic scholars
Qaradawi's methodology has been analysed by other Islamic scholars. Pakistani scholar, Muhammad Taqi Usmani
stated, "There is no doubt that I—as the lowest student of Islamic Fiqh—with my benefitting from the books of the
outstanding Dr al-Qaradāwī to a very large extent, and my supreme wonderment at the majority of [his works], have
found myself, in some particular issues, not in agreement with him in the results the he has arrived at, but these sorts
of differences (ikhtilāf) in views based on juristic judgement (ijtihādī) are natural, and cannot be the [sole] basis for
judging [their author] so long as the people of knowledge do not deem [the bearers of such opinions] to be weak
intellectually, or in religion, and [in any case] the importance of these books and their value in scholarship and da‘wa
are not affected by this to even the slightest, most insignificant degree."
In addition, he refers to some modern scholars by writing, "What we see today, very unfortunately, is that the one
who brings forward elevated ideas in his writings and lofty theories in his speech and his sermons often does not rise
above the level of the layman" but exempts Qardawi by saying, "As for the outstanding, erudite scholar, Dr Yūsuf
al-Qaradāwī, may God (Most High) preserve him, God (Most High) has indeed made me fortunate enough to
accompany him in travels and in residence, and sit with him and closely associate with him in long and repeated
meetings. [From this] I found him manifest in his personality exemplary Islamic qualities, for he is a human being
before he is a Muslim, and a devoted Muslim before he is a caller to Islam (dā‘iya), and a caller to Islam before he is
a scholar and jurist."
[104]

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
148
Controversy
Disagreement with Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy
"But, the Sheikh Tantawy entered, or was pushed to enter, the area of Fiqh Islamic jurisprudence. He did not prepare
himself for the task. He did not study, practise, or write in Fiqh. He did not train himself in navigating through the
deep waters of Fiqh. Therefore, he was not successful in many of his hard-hitting opinions. This was the reason of
my disagreement with him despite the old friendship between us."
[105]
Entry into western countries
Al-Qaradawi has been banned from entering the United States since 1999 and the United Kingdom since 2008,
[10]
though he visited London in 2004.
[106] 
In July 2003 he visited Stockholm, Sweden, for a conference at the
Stockholm Mosque arranged by the Muslim Association of Sweden. During the conference al-Qaradawi expressed
his support for suicide attacks against Israeli civilians, calling the fight against the Israeli occupation of the
Palestinian Territories a "necessary Jihad".
[107] 
France announced in March 2012 it will not let him enter.
[108]
Fatwa controversy with MEMRI
The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) (citing Asharq Al-Awsat), alleges that al-Qaradawi issued a
Fatwa following the Iraqi insurgency, saying,
All of the Americans in Iraq are combatants, there is no difference between civilians and soldiers, and
one should fight them, since the American civilians came to Iraq in order to serve the occupation. The
abduction and killing of Americans in Iraq is a [religious] obligation so as to cause them to leave Iraq
immediately. The mutilation of corpses [however] is forbidden in Islam.
[109]
Al-Qaradawi, however, denies this allegation:
I have not published a Fatwa on this issue. At the Egyptian Journalists' Union a few days ago I was
asked about the permissibility of fighting against the occupation in Iraq, and I answered that it is
permitted. Afterwards I was asked concerning the American civilians in Iraq and I merely responded
with the question – are there American civilians in Iraq? It is a matter of common knowledge that in
Fatwas such as these I do not use the word "killing" but rather I say "struggle," which is a more
comprehensive word than the word "killing" and whose meaning is not necessarily to kill. In addition, I
have condemned the taking of hostages on a number of occasions in the past and have demanded that
they be released and that their lives not be threatened.
[110]
Shaker Al-Nabulsi, a former Muslim
[111] 
who writes for the liberal site Ethal, called for the creation of a petition to
the UN calling to put Qaradawi and his like on trial for incitement and support of terrorism.
[111]
Alcohol fatwa controversy
Al-Qaradawi issued a fatwa in 2008 stating that the consumption of tiny amounts of alcohol (<0.5% concentration or
5/1000) was acceptable for Muslims.
[112] 
The statement was made regarding energy drinks, where fermentation
occurs naturally as part of the production process. This does not contradict with the widespread view that consuming
alcohol is totally forbidden to Muslims. (chapter 5: verses 90–91). The fermentation in this process is natural and
unavoidable, similarly it is an extremely small proportion.
[113]

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
149
Awards and recognition
Al-Qaradawi has been awarded by various countries and institutions for his contributions to Islamic society. Among
them are
• The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Prize in Islamic Economics – 1991
[114]
• King Faisal International Prize for Islamic Studies – 1994
[115]
• Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Sultan of Brunei) Award for Islamic Jurisprudence – 1997
[15]
• Sultan Al Owais Award for Cultural & Scientific Achievements – 1998–1999
[19]
• Dubai International Holy Quran Award for Islamic Personality of the Year – 2000
[15]
• The State Acknowledgement Award for contributions in the field of Islamic Studies from the Government of
Qatar – 2008
[116]
• Tokoh Ma'al Hijrah (Hijra of the Prophet) award by the Malaysian Government −2009
[117]
The Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies, part of the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community
Development, instituted the "Sheikh Yusuf Al Qaradawi Scholarships" in 2009, awarding them to five students each
year for post-graduate studies.
[118] 
It also named after him its newly established research centre, The Qaradawi
Center for Islamic Moderation and Renewal.
[119][120]
He is a trustee of the Oxford University Center for Islamic Studies
[12] 
and has been named as the technical consultant
for a multi-million dollar English-language film about Prophet Muhammed produced by Barrie Osborne.
[13][14] 
A
2008 Foreign Policy online poll put him at No.3 in the list of the Top 20 Public Intellectuals worldwide.
[121]
Books
Fiqh az Zakat
Al -Qaradawi has authored more than 80 books and his academic style and objective thought are considered to be
some of the main characteristics of his works.
[29] 
His most famous work is The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam.
Professor Mustafa al-Zarqa declared that owning a copy of it was "the duty of every Muslim family." His book Fiqh
al-Zakat is considered by some as the most comprehensive work in the area of zakat. Abul Ala Maududi commented
on it as "the book of this century in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh)"
[15][29] 
The prominent Deobandi Islamic scholar
Muhammad Taqi Usmani, said this about the work:
[122]
The first book that read in its entirety of his works is his valuable book Fiqh al-Zakat, and I benefitted
much from this great, encyclopedic, rewarding work through which the author did a great service to the
second of the pillars of Islam, in a way that the umma needs today, when it comes to the application of
zakat at the level of the individual and the group. Indeed this work manifested the genius of its author,
and his inventive methodology, not only in the clarification of issues pertaining to zakat and their
compilation, but in stimulating research in contemporary topics that no one before him had touched
upon, and basing them upon the principles fiqh and its jurisprudential theory.
Fiqh al Jihad
His book Fiqh al-Jihad has been widely commented on. The Guardian's writes:
[123]
Instead Qaradawi encourages a "middle way" conception of jihad: "solidarity" with the Palestinians and others
on the front line, rather than violence, is an obligatory form of jihad. Financial jihad, which corresponds with
the obligation of alms giving (zakat), counts as well. And Muslims should recognise that technological change
means that media and information systems are as much a part of the jihadist repertoire as are guns. Indeed, as
long as Muslims are free to use media and other resources to press their case, there is no justification for using
force to "open" countries for Islam.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
150
This book has also been analyzed by University of Michigan professor Sherman Jackson and Tunisian reformer
Rachid Ghannouchi.
[124]
His views on jihad have attracted criticism from some hard line groups:
Now, any Sunni knows that the purpose of jihaad is to make the word of Allaah supreme, and that is none
other than worshipping Him alone, and establishing and spreading Tawheed. So if the Qaradawite think tank
and its theoreticians claim that this is not the motive and reason, and it is but land, then the land in the view of
Qaradawite Thought, is more lofty and more noble and more worthy than the Islamic aqidah.
[125]
Major works
Some of al-Qaradawi's major works are:
• Time in the life of the Muslim 
[126]
• Priorities of the Islamic Movement in the Coming Phase 
[127]
• Towards a Sound Awakening 
[128]
• The Status of Women in Islam 
[129]
• Islamic Awakening between Rejection and Extremism 
[130]
• The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam 
[131]
• Diversion and Arts In Islam 
[132] 
(in progress)
• Islam: Modern Fatwas on Issues of Women and the Family (Fatawa Mu'asira fi Shu'un al-Mar'a wa al-Usrah)
(Dar al-Shihab, Algeria, 1987)
He has also published some excerpts of his poetry in the book Nafahat wa Lafahat.
Al-Qaradawi has also been the subject of the book The Global Mufti: The Phenomenon of Yusuf al-Qaradawi
published by Columbia University Press.
[133] 
He is also profiled as one of the leading liberal voices in contemporary
Islam in Charles Kurzman's book Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook, published by Oxford University Press.
[134]
Notes
[1] Controversial preacher with 'star status' (http:/
 
/
 
news.
 
bbc.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
2/
 
hi/
 
uk_news/
 
3874893.
 
stm) BBC article, by agdi Abdelhadi on 7 July
2004
[2] No.9 Sheikh Dr Yusuf al Qaradawi, Head of the International Union of Muslim Scholars – "The 500 most influential muslims in the world
2009" ,Prof John Esposito and Prof Ibrahim Kalin – Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University
[3] The Voice of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
spiegel.
 
de/
 
international/
 
world/
 
0,1518,745526,00.
 
html) article in Spiegel, by
Alexander Smoltczyk on 15 February 2011
[4] "Alexa site info IslamOnline.net Ranking#3880 Mar 1 2010" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
alexa.
 
com/
 
siteinfo/
 
islamonline.
 
net#). Alexa.com. 16 February
2010. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[5] "Qaradawi Wins Hijra Award" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
islamonline.
 
net/
 
servlet/
 
Satellite?c=Article_C&
 
cid=1260257992606&
pagename=Zone-English-News/
 
NWELayout) ION, 15 December 2009
[6] "Product Description: The Global Mufti: The Phenomenon of Yusuf Al-Qaradawi (Paperback)by Bettina Graf (Author, Editor), Jakob
Skovgaard-Petersen (Editor) C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd (20 July 2009)" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
amazon.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
dp/
 
1850659397). Amazon.co.uk. .
Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[7]
[7] Raymond William Baker, Islam Without Fear: Egypt and the New Islamists (2003), p.4
[8] Olivier Guitta (20 February 2006). "The Cartoon Jihad: The Muslim Brotherhood's project for dominating the West" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
weeklystandard.
 
com/
 
Content/
 
Public/
 
Articles/
 
000/
 
000/
 
006/
 
704xewyj.
 
asp). The Weekly Standard. pp. Volume 11, Issue 22. .
[9] "Al-Qaradawi Turns Down Offer to Assume Leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
cesnur.
 
org/
 
2004/
 
qaradawi.
 
htm).
al-Jazeera. 12 January 2004. .
[10] "Muslim cleric not allowed into UK" (http:/
 
/
 
news.
 
bbc.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
2/
 
hi/
 
uk_news/
 
7232398.
 
stm). BBC News. 7 February 2008. . Retrieved 8
February 2008.
[11] "France bars Muslim clerics from entering France" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
cbsnews.
 
com/
 
8301-501714_162-57406376/
france-bars-muslim-clerics-from-entering-france). CBS News. 29 March 2012. . Retrieved 29 March 2012.
[12] Owen Bowcott and Faisal al Yafai (9 July 2004). "Scholar with a streetwise touch defies expectations and stereotypes" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
guardian.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
politics/
 
2004/
 
jul/
 
09/
 
religion.
 
immigrationpolicy). The Guardian (London). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
151
[13] "Qatar firm plans film on Prophet" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
zawya.
 
com/
 
Story.
 
cfm/
 
sidZAWYA20091102120242/
 
Qatar Firm Plans Film On
Prophet/
 
). Zawya.com. 17 December 2009. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[14] Xan Brooks and agencies (2 November 2009). "Matrix producer plans Muhammad biopic" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
guardian.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
film/
 
2009/
 
nov/
02/
 
matrix-producer-plans-muhammad-biopic). The Guardian (London). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[15] "Home > English > DIHQA Programs > The Islamic Personality > Fourth Session" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
quran.
 
gov.
 
ae/
 
en/
 
DIHQAPrograms/
IslamicPersonality/
 
Pages/
 
FourthSession.
 
aspx). Quran.gov.ae. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[16] Al Qaradawi in Al Azhar (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
aawsat.
 
com/
 
english/
 
news.
 
asp?section=3&
 
id=13430) Asharq Aawsat 17/7/2008
[17] Abdelhadi, Magdi (7 July 2004). "BBC World News Profile of Sheikh Yusuf Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
news.
 
bbc.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
2/
 
hi/
 
uk_news/
3874893.
 
stm). BBC News. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[18] Hamed, Ayman (17 July 2008). "Al Qaradawi in Al Azhar" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
aawsat.
 
com/
 
english/
 
news.
 
asp?section=3&
 
id=13430).
Aawsat.com. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[19] "Dr. Yousef Al Qaradhawi winner Cultural & Scientific Achievements Sixth Circle 1998–1999" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
alowaisnet.
 
org/
 
en/
winnersbio/
 
abijjffgihfdfhfbej.
 
aspx). Alowaisnet.org. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[20] "Profile of Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
quran.
 
gov.
 
ae/
 
en/
 
News/
 
Lists/
 
News Center/
 
DispForm.
 
aspx?ID=82). Quran.gov.ae. 26 August 2009.
. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[21] The European Council for Fatwa and Research (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
e-cfr.
 
org/
 
en/
 
ECFR.
 
pdf)
[22] IUMS About us (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
iumsonline.
 
net/
 
about-us/
 
head.
 
html)
[23] "Egypt Revolution Unfinished, Qaradawi Tells Tahrir Masses" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
csmonitor.
 
com/
 
World/
 
Middle-East/
 
2011/
 
0218/
Egypt-revolution-unfinished-Qaradawi-tells-Tahrir-masses). Christian Science Monitor. 18 February 2011. .
[24] Islamic Banking in Britain (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
brusselsjournal.
 
com/
 
node/
 
1898)
[25] 10 Taliban taken off UN terror list (http:/
 
/
 
news.
 
asiaone.
 
com/
 
News/
 
AsiaOne+
 
News/
 
World/
 
Story/
 
A1Story20100803-230121.
 
html)
[26] The UN -The Consolidated List September 2009 (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
un.
 
org/
 
sc/
 
committees/
 
1267/
 
consolidatedlist.
 
htm)
[27] "Google Translate" (http:/
 
/
 
translate.
 
google.
 
com/
 
translate?js=y&
 
prev=_t&
 
hl=en&
 
ie=UTF-8&
 
layout=1&
 
eotf=1&
 
u=http:/
 
/
 
www.
el-wasat.
 
com/
 
persons.
 
php?person=11&
 
sl=ar&
 
tl=en). Google. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[28] "Livingstone Demands UK Media Apology for Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
islamonline.
 
net/
 
English/
 
News/
 
2005-01/
 
11/
 
article05.
 
shtml).
Islamonline.net. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[29] "SHAYKH YUSUF AL-QARADAWI: PORTRAIT OF A LEADING ISLAMIC CLERIC Ana Belén Soage* Middle East Review of
International Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 1 (March 2008) Page 59" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
globalpolitician.
 
com/
 
24328-islam). Globalpolitician.com. .
Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[30] "Advisory Committee to the WNU RI School Al-QARADAWI Ilham" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
world-nuclear-university.
 
org/
 
about.
 
aspx?id=25736&
terms=ilham). World-nuclear-university.org. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[31] "Curriculum Vitae Ilham AlQaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
qu.
 
edu.
 
qa/
 
artssciences/
 
mathphysta/
 
documents/
 
CVs/
 
Ilham_AlQaradawi_2008.
pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[32] Abdurrahman Yusuf al-Qaradawi: new branches of National Association for Change Will open soon in Europe and the United States (http:/
 
/
www.
 
masrawy.
 
com/
 
News/
 
Egypt/
 
Politics/
 
2010/
 
april/
 
17/
 
baradei.
 
aspx?ref=moreclip)
[33] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
prospectmagazine.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
prospect-100-intellectuals/
[34] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
alarabiya.
 
net/
 
articles/
 
2011/
 
02/
 
17/
 
138093.
 
html
[35] For a complete English translation, see: The Tahrir Square Sermon of Shaykh Yûsuf al-Qaradâwî. Translation by Yahya M. Michot with the
collaboration of Samy Metwally, on http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
hartsem.
 
edu/
[36] Kirkpatrick, David D. (18 February 2011). "After Long Exile, Sunni Cleric Takes Role in Egypt" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
nytimes.
 
com/
 
2011/
 
02/
 
19/
world/
 
middleeast/
 
19egypt.
 
html). The New York Times. .
[37] Egypt revolution unfinished, Qaradawi tells Tahrir masses (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
csmonitor.
 
com/
 
World/
 
Middle-East/
 
2011/
 
0218/
Egypt-revolution-unfinished-Qaradawi-tells-Tahrir-masses)
[38] For a complete English translation, see: The fatwa of Shaykh Yûsuf al-Qaradâwî against Gaddafi. Translation by Yahya M. Michot with the
collaboration of Samy Metwally, on http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
scribd.
 
com/
 
doc/
 
51219918/
 
Qadhafi/
[39] Sunni cleric says Gaddafi should die (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
iol.
 
co.
 
za/
 
news/
 
africa/
 
sunni-cleric-says-gaddafi-should-die-1.
 
1030016), IOL News, 21
February 2011
[40] Egyptian cleric: Kill Gaddafi (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
presstv.
 
ir/
 
detail/
 
166411.
 
html), PressTV, 22 February 2011
[41] The Region: Egypt gets its Khomeini (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
jpost.
 
com/
 
Opinion/
 
Columnists/
 
Article.
 
aspx?id=209102)
[42] Egypt revolution unfinished, Qaradawi tells Tahrir masses (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
csmonitor.
 
com/
 
World/
 
Middle-East/
 
2011/
 
0218/
Egypt-revolution-unfinished-Qaradawi-tells-Tahrir-masses/
 
(page)/
 
1)
[43] Rock, Aaron (20 March 2011). "Qaradawi's Return And Islamic Leadership in Egypt" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
eurasiareview.
 
com/
qaradawis-return-and-islamic-leadership-in-egypt-analysis-20032011/
 
). Eurasia Review. . Retrieved 20 March 2011.
[44] "On Tassawuf Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
sunnah.
 
org/
 
tasawwuf/
 
scholr39.
 
htm). Sunnah.org. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[45] "The politics of sects" (http:/
 
/
 
weekly.
 
ahram.
 
org.
 
eg/
 
2008/
 
916/
 
eg5.
 
htm). Weekly.ahram.org.eg. 5 October 2008. . Retrieved 11 April
2010.
[46]
[46] ibid.
[47] Try to be nice about each other, A Sunni preacher upsets the Shias (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
economist.
 
com/
 
research/
 
backgrounders/
 
displaystory.
cfm?story_id=12305381) 25 Sep 2008, CAIRO, From The Economist print edition

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
152
[48] (AFP) (18 Sep 2008). "Inflential Sunni cleric speaks of Shiite 'invasion'" (http:/
 
/
 
afp.
 
google.
 
com/
 
article/
ALeqM5g-I5N5oznQqpvBVxaDnjD-uJyswA). AFP. . Retrieved 15 February 2011.
[49] Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi On Al-Jazeera Incites Against Jews, Arab Regimes, and the U.S.; Calls on Muslims to Boycott Starbucks and
Others; Says 'Oh Allah, Take This Oppressive, Jewish, Zionist Band of People... And Kill Them, Down to the Very Last One' (http:/
 
/
 
www.
memri.
 
org/
 
bin/
 
articles.
 
cgi?Page=archives&
 
Area=sd&
 
ID=SP218309), MEMRI – Special Dispatch No. 2183 January 12, 2009.
[50] Islamic Justice Finds a Foothold In Heart of Europe (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
zmo.
 
de/
 
pressekit/
 
material/
 
Wall_Street_BG.
 
pdf) Wall street Journal, 4
August 2005, Vol nr. 24
[51] Sheik Yusuf al-Qaradawi: Theologian of Terror (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
adl.
 
org/
 
NR/
 
exeres/
788C5421-70E3-4E4D-BFF4-9BE14E4A2E58,DB7611A2-02CD-43AF-8147-649E26813571,frameless.
 
htm), Anti-Defamation League, 4
August 2009.
[52] Muslim Brotherhood Ideologue Incites Violence Against Jews and Israel (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
adl.
 
org/
 
main_Terrorism/
 
qaradawi_gaza_threats.
htm), Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 2 February 2009.
[53] Multiculturalists diminish 'rough beast' ravaging Islam (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
lfpress.
 
com/
 
comment/
 
columnists/
 
rory_leishman/
 
2009/
 
10/
 
31/
11588271-sun.
 
html) by By Rory Leishman, IFPress.com, 31 October 2009.
[54] The bond between Nazis and Islam (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
theaustralian.
 
com.
 
au/
 
news/
 
opinion/
 
the-bond-between-nazis-and-islam/
story-e6frg6zo-1225890936552) by Paul Berman, The Australian, 13 July 2010.
[55] #2005 – Sheik Yousuf Al-Qaradhawi: Allah Imposed Hitler upon the Jews to Punish Them – "Allah Willing, the Next Time Will Be at the
Hand of the Believers" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
memritv.
 
org/
 
clip/
 
en/
 
2005.
 
htm), MEMRITV.org, Clip no. 2005, Al-Jazeera TV (Qatar) – 28–30
January.
[56] "Analysis: Yusuf al-Qaradawi – a ‘man for all seasons’" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
jpost.
 
com/
 
MiddleEast/
 
Article.
 
aspx?ID=208978&
 
R=R). Jerusalem
Post. .
[57] Qaradawi's Extremism Laid Bare (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
investigativeproject.
 
org/
 
992/
 
qaradawis-extremism-laid-bare), Investigative Project on
Terrorism, IPT News, 6 February 2009.
[58] Intellectual Double Standards on Islamists (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
jewishworldreview.
 
com/
 
people/
 
emerson050610.
 
php3) by Steve Emerson,
Jewish World Review, 6 May 2010 / 22 Iyar 5770.
[59] Islamist movements casts shadow over Egypt (http:/
 
/
 
washingtonjewishweek.
 
com/
 
m/
 
Articles.
 
aspx?ArticleID=16491) by Robert Wistrich,
Washington Jewish Week, January 18, 2012.
[60] Militant Islamism, Islamism, Islam (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
nationalreview.
 
com/
 
articles/
 
288476/
 
militant-islamism-islamism-islam-clifford-d-may)
by Clifford D. May, National Review, January 19, 2012.
[61] "Source of the Punishment for Apostasy" (http:/
 
/
 
webcache.
 
googleusercontent.
 
com/
 
search?q=cache:n6vYB-lD6-wJ:www.
 
islamonline.
net/
 
servlet/
 
Satellite?c=Article_C&
 
cid=1178724001992&
 
pagename=Zone-English-Living_Shariah/
 
LSELayout+
 
site:islamonline.
 
net+
"Apostasy"+
 
qaradawi&
 
cd=1&
 
hl=en&
 
ct=clnk&
 
gl=ca&
 
source=www.
 
google.
 
ca). Islamonline.net. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[62] "Apostasy and its Classification in Yusuf Al-Qardawi's View" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
islamopediaonline.
 
org/
 
fatwa/
apostasy-and-its-classification-yusuf-al-qardawis-view). Islamopedia. .
[63] "Fatwa on Intellectual Apostasy" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
onislam.
 
net/
 
english/
 
ask-the-scholar/
 
crimes-and-penalties/
 
apostasy/
 
175287.
 
html).
OnIslam.net. . Retrieved 1 March 2011.
[64] Muslim world needs democracy, says Qaradawi (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
muslimnews.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
news/
 
news.
 
php?article=11311) – The Muslim News –
Saturday, 8 July 2006
[65] Reform according to Islam (http:/
 
/
 
english.
 
aljazeera.
 
net/
 
English/
 
archive/
 
archive?ArchiveId=3779). Al Jazeera English (http:/
 
/
 
english.
aljazeera.
 
net/
 
)
[66] (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
onislam.
 
net/
 
english/
 
news/
 
africa/
 
451164-govt-pressures-ban-qaradawi-from-egypt-tv.
 
html) Govt pressure bans Qaradawi
[67] "Qaradawi Condemns Attacks Against Civilians: Forbidden in Islam" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
islam-online.
 
net/
 
English/
 
News/
 
2001-09/
 
13/
article25.
 
shtml). Islam-online.net. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[68] Hasan, Mehdi (5 November 2009). "Suicide attacks are un-Islamic" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
newstatesman.
 
com/
 
religion/
 
2009/
 
11/
mehdi-hasan--islam-suicide). New Statesman. . Retrieved 8 May 2011.
[69] Afifi al-Akiti, Muhammad. "Al-Akiti of Oxford University and author at Living Islam prohibits targeting Israeli civilians, permits attacking
soldiers in times of no recognized cease fire in Palestine" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
islamopediaonline.
 
org/
 
fatwa/
al-akiti-oxford-university-and-author-living-islam-prohibits-targeting-israeli-civilians-permi). Islamopedia Online. . Retrieved 8 May 2011.
[70] "Qaradawi Is Welcome Peter Roberts Labour Left Briefing, December 2004" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
whatnextjournal.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
Pages/
 
Politics/
Welcome.
 
html). Whatnextjournal.co.uk. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[71] Mark Oliver and Anushri Patel (19 July 2005). "Controversy over cleric's visit grows" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
guardian.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
uk/
 
2005/
 
jul/
 
19/
july7.
 
uksecurity3). The Guardian (London). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[72] "Yusuf Al-Qaradawi tells BBC Newsnight that Islam justifies suicide bombings" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
bbc.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
pressoffice/
 
pressreleases/
stories/
 
2004/
 
07_july/
 
07/
 
newsnight.
 
shtml). BBC. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[73] "Qaradawi Criticizes Al-Azhar for Condemning Jerusalem Attacks" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
islamonline.
 
net/
 
English/
 
News/
 
2001-12/
 
05/
 
article6.
shtml). Islamonline.net. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[74] "Stop Terror Sheikhs, Muslim Academics Demand" (http:/
 
/
 
archive.
 
arabnews.
 
com/
 
?page=4&
 
section=0&
 
article=53683&
 
d=30&
 
m=10&
y=2004). Archive.arabnews.com. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
153
[75] "Middle East Media Research Institute" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
memri.
 
org/
 
bin/
 
articles.
 
cgi?Page=countries&
 
Area=iraq&
 
ID=SP142707). MEMRI.
. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[76] Qaradawi urges Muslims to support Hezbollah (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
gulf-times.
 
com/
 
site/
 
topics/
 
article.
 
asp?cu_no=2&
 
item_no=99984&
version=1&
 
template_id=36&
 
parent_id=16). Gulf Times
[77] "Recognise Libyan rebels: Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
gulf-times.
 
com/
 
site/
 
topics/
 
article.
 
asp?cu_no=2&
 
item_no=421411&
 
version=1&
template_id=36&
 
parent_id=16). Gulf Times. 11 March 2011. . Retrieved 20 March 2011.
[78] "Bharaini Sunnis, Shias should talk to resolve issues: Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
thepeninsulaqatar.
 
com/
 
qatar/
146271-bharaini-sunnis-shias-should-talk-to-resolve-issues-qaradawi.
 
html). The Peninsula. 20 March 2011. . Retrieved 30 March 2011.
[79] "Protests in Syria's Daraa city, journalists banned" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
monstersandcritics.
 
com/
 
news/
 
middleeast/
 
news/
 
article_1628710.
 
php/
Protests-in-Syria-s-Daraa-city-journalists-banned). Deutsche Presse-Agentur. 25 Mar 2011. . Retrieved 26 March 2011.
[80] Nour Abuzant (26 March 2011). "Qaradawi condemns 'atrocities' against protesters in Syria" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
gulf-times.
 
com/
 
site/
 
topics/
article.
 
asp?cu_no=2&
 
item_no=424384&
 
version=1&
 
template_id=57&
 
parent_id=56). Gulf Times. . Retrieved 26 March 2011.
[81] Advisory opinion of the scholar Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi on women's participation in martyrdom operations (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
palestine-info.
info/
 
arabic/
 
fatawa/
 
alamaliyat/
 
qaradawi1.
 
htm)
[82] Syal, Rajeev (11 July 2004). "For her to be absolved from guilt, a raped woman must have shown good conduct" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
telegraph.
co.
 
uk/
 
news/
 
uknews/
 
1466715/
 
For-her-to-be-absolved-from-guilt-a-raped-woman-must-have-shown-good-conduct.
 
html). The Telegraph
(London). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[83] "UK Group To Sue Telegraph Over "False" Qaradawi Story" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
turks.
 
us/
 
article.
 
php?story=20040715063807607). Daily News.
15 July 2004. . Retrieved 8 March 2011.
[84] Madeleine Bunting (29 October 2005). "Friendly fire Madeleine Bunting meets Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi in Qatar" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
guardian.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
world/
 
2005/
 
oct/
 
29/
 
religion.
 
uk1). The Guardian (London). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[85] "Red Ken and the Conservative Cleric" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
whatnextjournal.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
Pages/
 
Politics/
 
Brettlock.
 
html). Whatnextjournal.co.uk. .
Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[86] "Why the Mayor of London will maintain dialogues with all of London’s faiths and communities – Page 14 – Women's rights" (http:/
 
/
legacy.
 
london.
 
gov.
 
uk/
 
news/
 
docs/
 
qaradawi_dossier.
 
pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[87] McCartney, Jenny (11 July 2004). "Livingstone lauds the man who defends the killing of gays" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
telegraph.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
comment/
columnists/
 
jennymccartney/
 
3608294/
 
Livingstone-lauds-the-man-who-defends-the-killing-of-gays.
 
html). The Daily Telegraph (London). .
Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[88] Syal, Rajeev (11 July 2004). "'For her to be absolved from guilt, a raped woman must have shown good conduct'" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
telegraph.
co.
 
uk/
 
news/
 
uknews/
 
1466715/
 
For-her-to-be-absolved-from-guilt-a-raped-woman-must-have-shown-good-conduct.
 
html). The Daily
Telegraph (London). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[89] Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam, Chapter 3:The Halal And The Haram In Marriage And Family Life -> Divorce
-> Rebelliousness and Strife
[90] "The Odd Couple: Red Ken and the Conservative Cleric" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
whatnextjournal.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
Pages/
 
Politics/
 
Brettlock.
 
html).
Whatnextjournal.co.uk. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[91] Qaradawi Calls On Ending Female Circumcision, Considers It Banned In Islamic Law (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
ikhwanweb.
 
com/
 
article.
php?id=19661)
[92]
[92] "islamonline.ne".
[93] "aljazeera.net" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
aljazeera.
 
net/
 
NR/
 
exeres/
 
E3A7EEFB-4016-485A-8D6A-7AA9FD75CBD9.
 
htm). . Retrieved 18 June 2007.
[94] "memritv.org" (http:/
 
/
 
web.
 
archive.
 
org/
 
web/
 
20061002053939/
 
http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
memritv.
 
org/
 
search.
 
asp?ACT=S9&
 
P1=1170#). Archived
from the original (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
memritv.
 
org/
 
search.
 
asp?ACT=S9&
 
P1=1170#) on 2 October 2006. . Retrieved 18 June 2007.
[95] "SPIEGEL Interview with Al-Jazeera Host Yusuf Al-Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
spiegel.
 
de/
 
international/
 
0,1518,376954,00.
 
html).
SPIEGEL International. . Retrieved 1 March 2011.
[96] Abdelhadi, Magdi (21 April 2008). "BBC:Muslim call to adopt Mecca time" (http:/
 
/
 
news.
 
bbc.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
2/
 
hi/
 
middle_east/
 
7359258.
 
stm).
BBC News. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[97] Rennie, David (3 February 2006). "Daily Telegraph" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
telegraph.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
news/
 
main.
 
jhtml?xml=/
 
news/
 
2006/
 
02/
 
03/
 
wcart03.
xml). The Daily Telegraph (London). . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[98] Al-Qaradawi's official reply to Amman Message 12 June 2005 (http:/
 
/
 
ammanmessage.
 
com/
 
index.
 
php?option=com_content&
task=view&
 
id=74&
 
Itemid=42&
 
limit=1&
 
limitstart=0)
[99] ""Spiegel Interview with Al-Jazeera Host Yusuf Al-Qaradawi: God Has Disappeared"([[Der Spiegel (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
spiegel.
 
de/
international/
 
0,1518,376954,00.
 
html)], September 27, 2005)"]. 27 September 2005. . Retrieved 23 February 2011.
[100] moreorless (12 January 2004). ""Al-Qaradawi Turns Down Offer to Assume Leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood"(al-Jazeera, January
12, 2004)" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
cesnur.
 
org/
 
2004/
 
qaradawi.
 
htm). Cesnur.org. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[101] "Qaradawi: "MB asked me to be a chairman" –" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
ikhwanweb.
 
com/
 
article.
 
php?id=3537). Ikhwanweb.com. . Retrieved 11
April 2010.
[102] "Stop Terror Sheikhs, Muslim Academics Demand" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
arabnews.
 
com/
 
?page=4&
 
section=0&
 
article=53683&
 
d=30&
 
m=10&
y=2004). Arabnews.com. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[103] "be merciful". "Be merciful to Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
ikhwanweb.
 
com/
 
article.
 
php?id=15874). Ikhwanweb.com. . Retrieved 11 April
2010.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
154
[104] Uthmani, Muhammad Taqi. "Yūsuf al-Qaradāwī, as I Have Known Him" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
suhaibwebb.
 
com/
 
islam-studies/
yusuf-al-qaradawi-as-i-have-known-him-by-mufti-taqi-uthmani-h/
 
). SuhaibWebb.com. . Retrieved 28 June 2011.
[105] By Alaa Bayoumi (17 March 2010). "Focus – The battle for Al-Azhar" (http:/
 
/
 
english.
 
aljazeera.
 
net/
 
focus/
 
2010/
 
03/
201031763554123901.
 
html). Al Jazeera English. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[106] Militant Ideology Atlas (http:/
 
/
 
ctc.
 
usma.
 
edu/
 
atlas/
 
Atlas-ResearchCompendium.
 
pdf), Combating Terrorism Center, West Point
[107] Malm, Fredrik (21 August 2003). "Massmordspredikan i svensk moské" (http:/
 
/
 
web.
 
archive.
 
org/
 
web/
 
20041104021932/
 
http:/
 
/
 
www.
dn.
 
se/
 
DNet/
 
jsp/
 
polopoly.
 
jsp?d=572&
 
a=172705) (in Swedish). Dagens Nyheter. Archived from the original (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
dn.
 
se/
 
DNet/
jsp/
 
polopoly.
 
jsp?d=572&
 
a=172705) on 4 November 2004. .
[108] France election: Sarkozy vows ban on militant preachers (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
bbc.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
news/
 
world-europe-17512436), BBC News,
2012-03-26
[109] "memri.org" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
memri.
 
org/
 
bin/
 
articles.
 
cgi?Page=subjects&
 
Area=jihad&
 
ID=SP79404#_edn1). . Retrieved 18 June 2007.
[110] MEMRI as above, citing al-Hayat
[111] "Reactions to Sheikh Al-Qaradhawi's Fatwa Calling for the Abduction and Killing of American Civilians in Iraq" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
memri.
org/
 
bin/
 
articles.
 
cgi?Page=subjects&
 
Area=jihad&
 
ID=SP79404#_edn20). memri.org. . Retrieved 13 October 2008.
[112] Harrison, Frances (11 April 2008). "Alcohol fatwa sparks controversy" (http:/
 
/
 
news.
 
bbc.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
2/
 
hi/
 
middle_east/
 
7342425.
 
stm). BBC
News. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[113] "Qur'an Chapter 50: Al Maeda, verse 90" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
usc.
 
edu/
 
dept/
 
MSA/
 
quran/
 
005.
 
qmt.
 
html#005.
 
090). Usc.edu. . Retrieved 11
April 2010.
[114] "The IDB Prize in Islamic Economics and Islamic Banking" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
isdb.
 
org/
 
irj/
 
go/
 
km/
 
docs/
 
documents/
 
IDBDevelopments/
Internet/
 
English/
 
IRTI/
 
CM/
 
About IRTI/
 
IDB_Prize.
 
html). Isdb.org. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[115] "Winners" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
menofia.
 
edu.
 
eg/
 
announcements/
 
faisal/
 
files/
 
PDF_Files/
 
English/
 
KFIP-Winners-per-Years.
 
pdf) (PDF). .
Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[116] "H.H. The Amir presents the State Acknowledgement Award to Dr. Sheikh Yusuf Al Qaradawi for his contributions in the field of Islamic
Studies" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
diwan.
 
gov.
 
qa/
 
english/
 
the_amir/
 
the_amir_activities_88.
 
htm). Diwan.gov.qa. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[117] "Work together to enhance cooperation, Sultan Abdul Halim tells Muslims" (http:/
 
/
 
thestar.
 
com.
 
my/
 
news/
 
story.
 
asp?file=/
 
2009/
 
12/
 
19/
nation/
 
5334691&
 
sec=nation). Thestar.com.my. 19 December 2009. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[118] Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies (QFIS) (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
qfis.
 
edu.
 
qa/
 
files/
 
pdf/
 
Microsoft Word - QFIS_Scholarships 2009-2010.
 
pdf)
[119] "Qatar centre spreads moderate Islam, dialogue" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
arabianbusiness.
 
com/
572720-qatar-centre-spreads-moderate-islam-dialogue). Arabianbusiness.com. 7 November 2009. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[120] "Qaradawi centre vows to fight extremism" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
gulf-times.
 
com/
 
site/
 
topics/
 
article.
 
asp?cu_no=2&
 
item_no=314242&
version=1&
 
template_id=57). Gulf-times.com. 9 December 2009. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[121] "The World’s Top 20 Public Intellectuals" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
foreignpolicy.
 
com/
 
articles/
 
2008/
 
06/
 
16/
the_world_s_top_20_public_intellectuals). Foreignpolicy.com. 16 June 2008. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[122] Yūsuf al-Qaradāwī, as I Have Known Him (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
suhaibwebb.
 
com/
 
islam-studies/
yusuf-al-qaradawi-as-i-have-known-him-by-mufti-taqi-uthmani-h/
 
)
[123] Yusuf Qaradawi's jihad (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
guardian.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
commentisfree/
 
belief/
 
2009/
 
aug/
 
17/
 
islam-jihad-qaradawi)
[124] Rethinking Jihad: Ideas, Politics and Conflict in the Arab World and Beyond Conference Report (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
casaw.
 
ac.
 
uk/
 
conf/
 
rj2009/
documents/
 
ReThinkingJihad2009Report.
 
pdf)
[125] Some Mistakes Of Yusuf Al-Qaradawi (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
islamicweb.
 
com/
 
beliefs/
 
misguided/
 
qaradawi.
 
htm)
[126] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
newvision.
 
tc/
 
?zSystem=eShop&
 
Lang=&
 
sc=E083
[127] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
witness-pioneer.
 
org/
 
vil/
 
Books/
 
Q_Priorities/
 
index.
 
htm
[128] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
witness-pioneer.
 
org/
 
vil/
 
Books/
 
Q_awake/
 
index.
 
htm
[129] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
witness-pioneer.
 
org/
 
vil/
 
Books/
 
Q_WI/
 
default.
 
htm
[130] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
witness-pioneer.
 
org/
 
vil/
 
Books/
 
Q_RE/
 
index.
 
htm
[131] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
witness-pioneer.
 
org/
 
vil/
 
Books/
 
Q_LP/
[132] http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
returntoislam.
 
com/
 
wiki/
 
index.
 
php/
 
Diversion_and_Arts_In_Islam
[133] "The Global Mufti: The Phenomenon of Yusuf al-Qaradawi (Columbia/Hurst)" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
amazon.
 
com/
 
dp/
 
0231700709).
Amazon.com. 9 September 2009. . Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[134] "Liberal Islam, 1998 Edition, Chapter 22 Yusuf Al-Qaradawi" (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
amazon.
 
co.
 
uk/
 
dp/
 
0195116224). Amazon.co.uk. . Retrieved
11 April 2010.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi
155
External links
• On Islam (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
onislam.
 
net/
 
)
• Personal website (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
qaradawi.
 
net/
 
) (in Arabic)
• Works by or about Yusuf al-Qaradawi (http:/
 
/
 
worldcat.
 
org/
 
identities/
 
lccn-n82-164852) in libraries (WorldCat
catalog)
• Al-Qaradawi's books translated into English and French (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
newvision.
 
tc/
 
)
• Wolfgang G. Schwanitz: Global Mufti al-Qaradawi, Webversion 12-2010 (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
trafoberlin.
 
de/
pdf-dateien/
 
2011_04_26/
 
Bettina Graef Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen Global Mufti.
 
pdf)
• "Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi: Portrait of a leading Islamist cleric" (http:/
 
/
 
meria.
 
idc.
 
ac.
 
il/
 
journal/
 
2008/
 
issue1/
pdf/
 
5.
 
pdf), Ana Belén Soage, Middle East Review of International Affairs, 12/1 (March 2008), pp. 51–65
• Yusuf al-Qaradawi and Minorities: Learned Intolerance (http:/
 
/
 
en.
 
qantara.
 
de/
 
webcom/
 
show_article.
 
php/
_c-478/
 
_nr-1007/
 
i.
 
html), Qantara.de
• Daily Assembly 14 September 2005 (http:/
 
/
 
www.
 
london.
 
gov.
 
uk/
 
moderngov/
 
Data/
 
London Assembly
(Mayor's Question Time)/
 
20050914/
 
Minutes/
 
Transcript PDF.
 
pdf), Mayor of London about Qardawi and Pope
John XXIII, pp. 12–13, Greater London Authority
Rashid Rida
Muhammad Rashid Rida (September 23, 1865, Ottoman Syria - August 22, 1935, Egypt) is said to have been "one
of the most influential scholars and jurists of his generation" and the "most prominent disciple of Muhammad
Abduh" 
[1]
Rida was born near Tripoli in Al-Qalamoun, now in Lebanon but then part of Ottoman Syria within the Ottoman
Empire). His early education consisted of training in "traditional Islamic subjects". In 1884-5 he was first exposed to
al-`Urwa al-wuthqa, the journal of the Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad Abduh. In 1897 he left Syria for
Cairo to collaborate with Abduh and the following year they launched al-Manar, a weekly and then monthly journal
comprising Quranic commentary
[1] 
at which Rida worked until his death in 1935.
Rida was an early Islamic reformer, whose ideas would later influence 20th-century Islamist thinkers in developing a
political philosophy of an "Islamic state".
Reformist ideas
Like his predecessors, Rida focused on the relative weakness of Muslim societies vis-à-vis Western colonialism,
blaming Sufi excesses, the blind imitation of the past (taqlid), the stagnation of the ulama, and the resulting failure to
achieve progress in science and technology. He held that these flaws could be alleviated by a return to what he saw
as the true principles of Islam - salafiyya Islam which was purged of impurities and Western influences — albeit
interpreted (ijtihad) to suit modern realities.
[2] 
This alone could he believed save Muslims from subordination to the
colonial powers.
[3]
The corruption and tyranny of Muslim rulers ("caliphs") throughout history was a central theme in Rida's criticisms.
Rida, however, celebrated the rule of Mohammad and the Rightly Guided Caliphs, and leveled his attacks at
subsequent rulers who could not maintain Mohammad's example. He also criticized the clergy ("ulama") for
compromising their integrity - and the integrity of the Islamic law ("sharia") they were meant to uphold - by
associating with worldly corrupt powers.
[4]
Towards the end of his life, Rida became a staunch defender of the Saudi regime and an advocate of Wahhabism,
saluting 'Abd al-Wahhab as the "renewer of the XII century (of the Hijra)". In fact, he died on his way back to Cairo
from Suez, where he had gone to see Ibn Sa'ud off. 
[5]

Rashid Rida
156
Contributions to Islamist political thought
Rida's ideas were foundational to the development of the modern "Islamic state". He "was an important link between
classical theories of the caliphate, such as al-Mawardi's, and 20th-century notions of the Islamic state".
[6]
Rida promoted a restoration or rejuvenation of the Caliphate for Islamic unity, and "democratic consultation on the