Amir Temur is a Central Asian Turkic ruler, general and officer who played an important role in the history of Central, South and Western Asia, as well as the Caucasus, Volga and Russia

Biography
Amir Temur is a Central Asian Turkic ruler, general and officer who played an important role in the history of Central, South and Western Asia, as well as the Caucasus, Volga and Russia. Sarkarda was the founder of the Timurid kingdom (1370) with Samarkand as its capital.
Amir Temur was born on April 9, 1336 in the village of Khoja Ilgor (Yakkabog) near Kesh (Shahrisabz). According to legends, he was born with a red blood clot in his hand, and his hair was as white as moisafid, such a condition was also mentioned about Genghis Khan. His father, Amir Muhammad Taraghai, was one of the barlos of the Turkish generation, and he was one of the influential intellectuals in Movarounnahr. His ancestor was descended from the legendary Turkish Alan Kuva family, and was one of the most respected people in the palace of the Chigatoi clan. The lands around Kesh and Nefes were considered their property.
Temur's father, Taragai, regularly participated in the congresses of Chigatai begs, who were called to the shores of the Il river, which is the khan's ulus. In 1355, he married the daughter of Amir Jaku, the barolo of Turmush Agha.
The chief amir of Movarunnahr, Kazaghan Amir, convinced of Temur's abilities, gave him his grandson Uljay Turkan in marriage in the same year. With the honor of this marriage, the union of Amir Husayn, the grandson of Qazaghon, and Amir Temur was born. This alliance will be very useful in the fight against the Mongols. In 1356, 2 sons of Amir Temur were born - Jahangir and Omar Shaykh.
From the beginning of the 13th century to the end of the 14th century, the economic situation of Movaraunnahr worsened day by day. Khan of Mongolia Tughluq Temur took advantage of this and reached Kashkadarya without any resistance. Amir Temur begins to serve him. However, Tughluq Temur appoints his son Ilyas Khodja as the ruler of Movaraunnahr, and Amir Temur refuses to serve the prince, unites with the ruler of Balkh, Amir Husayn, and enters into a decisive battle with the Mongols.
At this time, warlords - "hangmen" and fighters against the Mongols ruled in Samarkand. The slogan of this people's movement "Either struggle for freedom, or hanged head" was created by its participants. In 1370, Amir Temur was declared the chief amir of Turan at the congress held in Balkh.
Chingiz's daughter Sarai Mulk Khanim's marriage gave Amir Temur the honorary title of "gurgan", i.e. "son-in-law of the khan".
Amir Temur's main task was to endure the fragmented state and unite the separate lands into one state. He appointed Samarkand as the capital of this state and quickly began to build the city's protective walls, fortresses and palaces.
Amir Temur subjugates and unites the lands between the Amudarya and Syrdarya, as well as Fergana and Shosh regions, and then begins his invasion campaigns.
Amir Temur's rule lasted 35 years (1370 - 1405). He created a great kingdom from the Indus and the Ganges to the Syrdarya and Zarafshon, from the Tien Shan to the Bosphorus. He spent most of his life in marches.
Amir Temur died in the city of Otrar in 1405 during his march to China.
During the lifetime of Amir Temur, a special work called "Temur Tuziklari" was written, which talks about state management. The work consists of two parts and is an invaluable historical source of the Middle Ages. It describes Temur's biography related to his life events, views of the famous statesman and general on military art, state structure and administration. The centralized, strongly governed state created by Amir Temur was built on the basis of this invaluable set of rules.

Having created a large state, Amir Temur prepared the conditions for the country's economic and cultural development. The ancient traditions of the past are revived in a new historical form. As Movaraunnahr became a trade, economic and cultural center throughout the Near and Middle East, Samarkand, Kesh, Bukhara, Termiz, Tashkent, Marv and other ancient cities began to beautify.

Large buildings of mosques, madrasas, mausoleums, caravanserais and baths began to be erected. It has become a common practice to immortalize any victory in architecture. In his construction activities, Amir Temur followed certain political goals - the buildings he built should have been able to demonstrate the power of the kingdom.
During the years of his rule, Amir Temur ended the feudal disunity, established trade and diplomatic relations with major European kingdoms such as France, England, and Castile. Unfortunately, after the death of Amir Temur, trade and diplomatic relations with Western Europe ended.
Amir Temur stands in the pages of history along with great generals such as Alexander the Great, Darius Pervius, and Julius Caesar.
Amir Temur is one of the most determined people in the history of mankind. To various sources

Tarjimai hol
Amir Temur O‘rta, Janubiy va G‘arbiy Osiyo, shuningdek, Kavkaz, Povoljya va Rus tarixida muhim o‘rin tutgan O‘rta Osiyolik turkiy hukmdor, sarkarda va zobit. Sarkarda, poytaxti Samarqand bo‘lgan Temuriylar saltanati (1370 yil) asoschisi.
Amir Temur 1336 yil 9 aprel kuni Kesh (Shahrisabz) yaqinidagi Xo‘ja Ilg‘or (Yakkabog‘) qishlog‘ida tug‘ilgan. Rivoyatlarga ko‘ra, u qo‘lida qip-qizil qon bo‘lagi bilan, sochlari esa mo‘ysafid kabi oppoq holatda tug‘ilgan, bunday holat Chingizxon haqida ham gapirilgan. Uning otasi amir Muhammad Tarag‘ay turk avlodining barloslaridan bo‘lib, Movarounnahrda o‘ziga yarasha obro‘-e’tiborga ega, nufuzli ziyolilardan bo‘lgan. Uning ota-bobosi afsonaviy turkiy Alan quva shajarasidan kelib chiqqan bo‘lib, Chig‘atoy ulusining saroydagi obro‘-e’tiborli kishilari qatoridan joy olgan. Kesh va Nefes atrofidagi yerlar ularga qarashli mulk hisoblangan.

Temurning otasi Tarag‘ay doimiy ravishda xon ulusi bo‘lmish Il daryosi qirg‘og‘iga chaqiriluvchi chig‘atoy beklari qurultoylarida ishtirok etgan. 1355 yil u Turmush og‘a barlosi amir Jakuning qiziga uylanadi.

Movaraunnahrning bosh amiri Qozag‘on Amir Temurning qobiliyatlariga ishonch hosil qilib, shu yiliyoq unga nevarasi Uljay Turkan og‘ani nikohlab beradi. Ushbu nikoh sharofati bilan Qazog‘onning nevarasi amir Husayn va Amir Temurlar ittifoqi vujudga keladi. Bu ittifoq mo‘g‘ullarga qarshi kurashda juda qo‘l keladi. 1356 yil Amir Temurning 2 o‘g‘li dunyoga keladi — Jahongir va Umar Shayh.
XIII asr boshi XIV asr oxirlariga kelib Movaraunnahrning iqtisodiy ahvoli kundan-kunga yomonlashib boradi. Bundan Mo‘g‘uliston xoni Tug‘luq Temur foydalanib qoladi va hech qanday qarshiliksiz Qashqadaryogacha yetib boradi. Amir Temur unga xizmat qilishni boshlaydi. Biroq, Tug‘luq Temur Movaraunnahr hukmdori etib o‘zining o‘g‘li Ilyos Xodjani tayinlaydi va Amir Temur shahzodaga xizmat qilishdan bosh tortib, Balx hukmdori amir Husayn bilan birlashib olib, mo‘g‘ullar bilan qat’iy jangga kirishadi.
Bu vaqtda Samarqandda sarbadorlar - “dorga osiluvchilar”, shuningdek, mo‘g‘ullarga qarshi kurashuvchilar hukmron surgan. Mazkur xalq harakatining “Yoki ozodlik uchun kurash, yoki dorga osilgan kalla” shiori ham uning ishtirokchilari tomonidan yaratilgan. 1370 yil Amir Temur Balxda bo‘lib o‘tgan qurultoyda Turonning bosh amiri etib e’lon qilinadi.Chingizning qizi Saroy Mulk Xonim bilan nikohi esa Amir Temurga “gurgan”, ya’ni “xonning kuyovi” faxriy unvonini berdi.

Amir Temurning asosiy vazifasi parchalangan davlatga bardosh berish va alohida yerlarni bir davlatga birlashtirishdan iborat bo‘lgan. Mazkur davlatning poytaxti etib u Samarqandni tayinlab, tezkorlik ila shaharning himoya devorlarini, qo‘rg‘onlar va saroylarni barpo etishni boshlaydi.

Amir Temur Amudaryo va Sirdaryo orasidagi yerlarni, shuningdek, Farg‘ona va Shosh viloyatlarini o‘ziga bo‘ysundirib, birlashtiradi, so‘ngra bosqinchilik yurishlarini boshlaydi.
Amir Temur hukmronligi 35 yil davom etgan (1370 - 1405). U Ind va Gangdan Sirdaryo va Zarafshongacha, Tyan Shandan Bosforgacha bo‘lgan katta saltanatni yaratgan. Hayotining katta qismini yurishlarda o‘tkazgan.
Amir Temur 1405 yil Xitoyga yurishi vaqtida O‘tror shahrida vafot etgan.
Amir Temurning hayotlik vaqtida davlat boshqaruvi haqida so‘zlovchi “Temur tuziklari” nomli maxsus asar yozilgan. Asar ikki qismdan iborat bo‘lib, O‘rta asrning bebaho tarixiy manbasi hisoblanadi. Unda Temurning hayotiy voqealari bilan bog‘liq tarjimai xoli, atoqli davlat arbobi va sarkardaning harbiy san’atga bo‘lgan nuqtai nazari, davlat tuzilishi va boshqaruvi kabilar bayon qilingan. Amir Temur tomonidan yaratilgan markazlashgan, kuchli boshqaruvga ega davlat ushbu bebaho qoidalar majmuasi hisoblanmish kitob asosida yaratilgan.

Yirik davlatni yaratib, Amir Temur mamlakatning iqtisodiy va madaniy rivoji uchun sharoitlarni tayyorlagan. O‘tgan davrlarning qadimiy an’analari yangi tarixiy ko‘rinishda qayta tiklanadi. Yaqin va O‘rta sharq bo‘ylab Movaraunnahr savdo-sotiq, iqtisod va madaniyat markaziga aylanishi zamirida, Samarqand, Kesh, Buxoro, Termiz, Toshkent, Marv va boshqa qadimiy shaharlar obodonlasha boshlagan.

Masjid, madrasa, maqbara, karvon-saroy va hammomlarning katta binolari qad rostlay boshlagan. Har qanday g‘alaba me’morchilikda abadiylashishi odatiy holatga aylanib qolgan. Quruvchilik faoliyatida Amir Temur ma’lum bir siyosiy maqsadlarga amal qilgan - u qurdirgan inshootlar saltanatining kuch-qudratini ko‘rsatib bera olishi kerak bo‘lgan.
Boshqaruv yillari davomida Amir Temur feodal tarqoqlikka barham beradi, Fransiya, Angliya, Kastiliya kabi yirik Ovrupa qirolliklari bilan savdo-diplomatik aloqalarni yo‘lga qo‘yadi. Afsuski, Amir Temurning vafotidan so‘ng G‘arbiy Ovrupa bilan savdo-diplomatik aloqalar nihoyasiga yetadi.
Amir Temur tarix sahifalarida Aleksandr Makedonskiy, Dariy Perviy, Yuliy Sezar kabi yirik sarkardalar bilan bir qatorda turadi.
Amir Temur — insoniyat tarixidagi eng qat’iyatli shaxslardan biridir. Turli manbalarga

I didn't want to take revenge on anyone. I tasted my salt and handed over those who did me wrong to the lord of the universe. My place was always open to sincere people, Sayyids, scholars and virtues. I chased away the weak-willed, depraved cowards from my meeting.
Hech kimdan o‘ch olish payida bo‘lmadim. Tuzimni totib, menga yomonlik qilganlarni parvardigori olamga topshirdim. Sofdil kishilar, sayyidlar, olimlar va fozillarga dargohim doim ochiq edi. Nafsi yomon himmatsizlarni, ko‘ngli buzuq qo‘rqoqlarni majlisimdan quvib yubordim.