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(D) establishment of political parties
(E) the right of women citizens to vote
Notice the wording of the question stem. It informs you that four of the five answer choices refer to topics
that are the subject of constitutional amendments. One of the answer choices–the correct one–refers to a
topic that is not the subject of a constitutional amendment.
The United States Constitution has been amended to provide for
1. prohibition of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages: 18th (later repealed)
2. popular election of senators: 17th
3. separation of church and state: 1st
4. suffrage for women: 19th
Neither the original document nor any of the amendments provides for the establishment of political
parties. So the correct answer to the question is (D).
When addressing a question that uses a word such as EXCEPT, NOT, or LEAST, make sure you
know what you are looking for. Be careful, because those words reverse the question: what would ordi-
narily be a wrong answer is the right one, and vice versa.
Occasionally, an item is in a format that makes guessing easier.
EXAMPLE:
Which of the following laws were designed to foster business competition?
I.
The Sherman Act
II.
The Volstead Act
III. The Clayton Act
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

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U.S History Subject Test
119
ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
w w w . p e t e r s o n s . c o m / a r c o
Notice that the answer choices to this item are various combinations of the numbered statements. Even if
you are not certain about the validity of all three statements, you may be able to eliminate one or more
answers based on partial information. Suppose, for example, that you know that the Sherman Act is an
antitrust act and that the Volstead Act was the prohibition act. And assume further that you do not know the
purpose of the Clayton Act. Even given this limited information, you know that the correct answer choice
must include I but not II. This narrows your choice to two responses: “(A) I only” and “(C) I and III only.”
So you should make a guess. (The correct answer is (C). The Clayton Act is also an antitrust act.)
Some questions are based upon maps or charts.