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(A) secondary structure
(B) tertiary structure
(C) quaternary structure
(D) denaturation
(E) melting point
36. In humans, which of the following allow effi-
cient absorption of digested foodstuffs to occur?
I.
Microvilli
II.
Large surface area
III. Presence of certain viruses
(A)
I only
(B)
II only
(C)
I and II only
(D)
I and III only
(E)
I, II, and III
37. Each of the following methods of reproduction
occurs without genetic recombination EXCEPT
(A) binary fission
(B) conjugation
(C) budding
(D) production of gemmae
(E) cloning
38. The ruminants–animals such as deer and
cows–are able to digest cellulose. Each of the
following contributes to the special digestive
abilities of the ruminant EXCEPT
(A) multichambered gastrointestinal tract
(B) bacteria within digestive tract
(C) protozoa within digestive tract
(D) ability to convert 
β-glucose to ∝-glucose
(E) mutualism
39. A cell is removed from its normal environment
and placed into another medium. It is then noted
that the cell appears to shrink. Which term best
describes the medium relative to the cell?
(A) Hypertonic
(B) Hypotonic
(C) Isotonic
(D) Osmotic
(E) Pinocytosis
40. Organic molecules, such as vitamin C and vi-
tamin B
12
, are required for specific enzymes
to function. Such organic molecules are called
(A) substrates
(B) coenzymes
(C) allosteric modulators
(D) active sites
(E) competitive inhibitors