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4. The correct answer is (D). In this sentence we have two ideas that are parallel, that is, that serve
similar functions in the sentence: “discover that ...” and “learn that ....” Since the two ideas have
similar functions, they must be expressed in parallel or similar grammatical forms, as shown above.

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Lesson 2
44
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ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
(A) Who is a relative pronoun that is used to introduce an adjective clause that identifies the “those”
who are the subject of the sentence. Since who takes the place of those, it must be plural and requires
the plural verb are.
(B) That is a relative pronoun introducing the noun clause that functions as the direct object of find.
It tells us what those who are successful find.
(C) Because “wealth and fame” are two ideas joined by and, the subject is plural. The plural form of
the verb do not guarantee is correct.
5. The correct answer is (A). The antecedent or referent of the pronoun they is Egypt. (Antecedent or
referent is the word the pronoun refers to.) They is a plural pronoun, but Egypt is singular. The sen-
tence could be corrected by substituting it for they.
(B) The preposition among is the appropriate preposition for referring to a group of three or more
items. (Between is used for just two, as in “between you and me.” Among is used for three or more, as
in “John divided the money among the three of us.”) Additionally, which is a relative pronoun that is
the subject of the clause that is the object of the preposition among.
(C) The clause that is the object of the preposition among has an inverted structure, that is, the verb
comes before the subject. The subject of the clause is plowing, raking, and manuring. Since the
elements are joined by and, they are “added” and need a plural verb.
(D) The gerund forms plowing, raking, and manuring, are used as nouns. They correctly function as
the subject of the clause. Notice that they all have the same form, -ing, so they have the required
parallel structures.