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Ancient history
Main articles: Late antiquity and Post-classical history
A Murong Xianbei archer. In late antiquity, nomads across Eurasia began to use stirrups. Mounted archers able to shoot while standing up could be devastating in combat. The term 'late antiquity' is the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's crisis of the 3rd century (c. 284) to the Islamic conquests and the re-organization of the Byzantine Empire under Heraclius that occurred in the 7th century. The beginning of the post-classical age (known as the Middle Ages for Europe) follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire, spanning roughly from 500 to 1500. There has been attempt by scholars to connect European late antiquity to other areas in Eurasia.[133] To an extent most centralized kingdoms within proximity to Steppe grasslands faced major challenges or in some cases complete destruction in the 5th and 6th centuries in the case of nomadic invasions and political fragmentation. The Western Roman Empire in Europe and the Gupta Empire in India, and the Jin in North China were overwhelmed by tribal invasions. Nomadic invasions along with worldwide natural climate change, the Plague of Justinian and the rise of proselytizing religions changed the face of the Old World. Still disconnected was the New World who also built complex societies but at a separate and different pace. By 500 the world era of post-classical history had begun. Despite being placed in different eras of history in an academic view of world history, Ancient and Post Classical eras are linked with each other in the case of the Old World. Land and coastal trade routes often went on similar or the same directions, and many of the inventions and religions which were birthed prior to 500 such as Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism grew to be even more important. See also[edit] History portal World portal Antiquities Classics List of ancient dishes and foods List of historians, inclusive of most major historians References[edit] ^ WordNet Search – 3.0, "History" Archived 2005-09-17 at the Wayback Machine ^ See also The Origin and Development of the Cuneiform System of Writing, Samuel Noah Kramer, Thirty Nine Firsts In Recorded History, pp. 381–383. ^ Kipfer, Barbara Ann (30 April 2000). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. New York: Springer Science & Business Media (published 2000). p. 564. ISBN 9780306461583. Retrieved 29 January 2021. 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Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2019. Sources[edit] Download 280.6 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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