Английского

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М. Я. Блох 
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ
ГРАММАТИКА
АНГЛИЙСКОГО
ЯЗЫКА
Допущено Министерством просвещения СССР
в качестве учебника для студентов
педагогических институтов по специальности
№ 2103 «Иностранные языки» 
Рецензенты:
кафедра английского языка Горьковского педагогичес-
кого института иностранных языков им. Н. А. Добро-
любова и доктор филол. наук, проф. Л. Л. Нелюбин.
 
Москва «Высшая школа» 1983

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Блох М. Я. 
Б70 Теоретическая грамматика английского языка: Учеб-
ник. Для студентов филол. фак. ун-тов и фак. англ. яз. 
педвузов. — М.: Высш. школа, 1983.— с. 383 В пер.: 
1 р. 
В учебнике рассматриваются важнейшие проблемы морфо-
логии и синтаксиса английского языка в свете ведущих принци-
пов современного системного языкознания. Введение в теорети-
ческие проблемы грамматики осуществляется на фоне обобщаю-
щего описания основ грамматического строя английского языка. 
Особое внимание уделяется специальным методам научного ана-
лиза грамматических явлений и демонстрации исследовательских 
приемов на конкретном текстовом материале с целью развития у 
студентов профессионального лингвистического мышления. 
Учебник написан на английском языке.
ББК 81.2 Англ-9 
4И (Англ)
© Издательство «Высшая школа», 1983.

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CONTENTS
Page
Preface .................................................................................................................. 4 
Chapter I. Grammar in the Systemic Conception of Language. . ......................... 6 
Chapter II. Morphemic Structure of the Word .....................................................
17 
Chapter III. Categorial Structure of the Word ......................................................
26 
Chapter IV. Grammatical Classes of Words ........................................................ 
37 
Chapter V. Noun: General ....................................................................................
49 
Chapter VI. Noun: Gender .................................................................................... 53 
Chapter VII. Noun: Number .................................................................................
57 
Chapter VIII. Noun: Case...................................................................................... 62 
Chapter IX. Noun: Article Determination ............................................................ 74 
Chapter X. Verb: General .....................................................................................
85 
Chapter XI. Non-Finite Verbs (Verbids) .............................................................. 102 
Chapter XII. Finite Verb: Introduction ................................................................. 123 
Chapter XIII. Verb: Person and Number .............................................................. 125 
Chapter XIV. Verb; Tense .................................................................................... 137 
Chapter XV. Verb: Aspect .................................................................................... 155 
Chapter XVI. Verb: Voice ....................................................................................
176 
Chapter XVII. Verb: Mood.................................................................................... 
185 
Chapter XVIII. Adjective ..................................................................................... 
203 
Chapter XIX. Adverb ............................................................................................ 220 
Chapter XX. Syntagmatic Connections of Words ................................................ 
229 
Chapter XXI. Sentence: General . . . ..................................................................... 236 
Chapter XXII. Actual Division of the Sentence.................................................... 
243 
Chapter XXIII. Communicative Types of Sentences ........................................... 251 
Chapter XXIV. Simple Sentence: Constituent Structure ... .................................. 
268 
Chapter XXV. Simple Sentence: Paradigmatic Structure . . ................................
278
 
Chapter XXVI. Composite Sentence as a Polypredicative Construction ............ 288 
Chapter XXVII. Complex Sentence ..................................................................... 303 
Chapter XXVIII. Compound Sentence ................................................................. 332 
Chapter XXIX. Semi-Complex Sentence ............................................................. 340 
Chapter XXX. Semi-Compound Sentence ....... .................................................... 351 
Chapter XXXI. Sentence in the Text .................................................................... 
361
 
A List of Selected Bibliography ........................................................................... 374 
Subject Index ......................................................................................................... 376 

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PREFACE 
This book, containing a theoretical outline of English grammar, 
is intended as a manual for the departments of English in Universities and 
Teachers' Colleges. Its purpose is to present an introduction to the prob-
lems of up-to-date grammatical study of English on a systemic basis, sus-
tained by demonstrations of applying modern analytical techniques to 
various grammatical phenomena of living English speech. 
The suggested description of the grammatical structure of Eng-
lish, reflecting the author's experience as a lecturer on theoretical English 
grammar for students specialising as teachers of English, naturally, can-
not be regarded as exhaustive in any point of detail. While making no 
attempt whatsoever to depict the grammar of English in terms of the mi-
nutiae of its arrangement and functioning (the practical mastery of the 
elements of English grammar is supposed to have been gained by the stu-
dent at the earlier stages of tuition), we rather deem it as our immediate 
aims to supply the student with such information as will enable him to 
form judgments of his own on questions of diverse grammatical intrica-
cies; to bring forth in the student a steady habit of trying to see into the 
deeper implications underlying the outward appearances of lingual corre-
lations bearing on grammar; to teach him to independently improve his 
linguistic qualifications through reading and critically appraising the 
available works on grammatical language study, including the current 
materials in linguistic journals; to foster his competence in facing aca-
demic controversies concerning problems of grammar, which, unfortu-
nately but inevitably, are liable to be aggravated by polemical excesses 
and terminological discrepancies. 
In other words, we wish above all to provide for the condition 
that, on finishing his study of the subject matter of the book, under the 
corresponding guidance of his College tutor, the student should progress 
in developing a grammatically-oriented mode of understanding facts of 
language, viz. in mastering that which, in the long run, should distinguish 
a professional linguist from a layman. 
The emphasis laid on cultivating an active element in the stu-
dent's approach to language and its grammar explains why the book gives 
prominence both to the technicalities of grammatical observations and to 
the general methodology of linguistic knowledge: the due application of 
the latter will lend the necessary demonstrative force to any serious con-
sideration of the many special points of grammatical analysis. In this 
connection, throughout the whole of the book we have tried to point out 
the progressive character of the development of modern grammatical the-
ory, and to show that in the course of disputes and continued research in 
manifold particular fields, the grammatical domain of linguistic science 
arrives at an ever more adequate presentation of the structure of language 
in its integral description. 

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We firmly believe that this kind of outlining the foundations of the 
discipline in question is especially important at the present stage of 
the developing linguistic knowledge — the knowledge which, far 
from having been by-passed by the general twentieth century ad-
vance of science, has found itself in the midst of it. Suffice it to cite 
such new ideas and principles introduced in the grammatical theory 
of our times, and reflected in the suggested presentation, as the 
grammatical aspects of the correlation between language and 
speech; the interpretation of grammatical categories on the strictly 
oppositional basis; the demonstration of grammatical semantics 
with the help of structural modelling; the functional-perspective 
patterning of utterances; the rise of the paradigmatic approach to 
syntax; the expansion of syntactic analysis beyond the limits of a 
separate sentence into the broad sphere of the continual text; and, 
finally, the systemic principle of description applied to the interpre-
tation of language in general and its grammatical structure in par-
ticular. 
It is by actively mastering the essentials of these developments that 
the student will be enabled to cope with the grammatical aspects of 
his future linguistic work as a graduate teacher of English. 
Materials illustrating the analysed elements of English grammar 
have been mostly collected from the literary works of British and 
American authors. Some of the offered examples have been sub-
jected to slight alterations aimed at giving the necessary promi-
nence to the lingual phenomena under study. Source references for 
limited stretches of text are not supplied except in cases of special 
relevance (such as implications of individual style or involvement 
of contextual background). 
The author pays tribute to his friends and colleagues — teachers of 
the Lenin State Pedagogical Institute (Moscow) for encouragement 
and help they extended to him during the years of his work on the 
presented matters. 
The author's sincere thanks are due to the staff of the English De-