Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Plan
1. Etiology and pathogenesis and pathomorphology of emkar, differential
2. Etiology and pathogenesis of brads and pathomorphology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease.
Introduction. Clostridia is a group of diseases caused by anaerobic bacteria­cillus from the genus Clostridia. Rods in which the diameter of the spore exceeds the width of the vegetative cell are usually called clostridia. Clostridia are widespread in nature. Their spores persist for a long time in the soil and other objects. Once in the body, they turn into vegetative forms, forming­strong toxins are present. Therefore, clostridia is a toxicoininfections.
1. Clostridia is a large group of soil anaerobic bacteria, including 61 species. However, only 12 of them are pathogenic microorganisms.
An ecological feature of various representatives of the genus Clostridia is their ability to exist saprophytically, high resistance to adverse environmental influences provided by sporulation, and their wide distribution on almost all continents. Typical habitats for their habitat and reproduction are soil and the gastrointestinal tract of animals.
The most important causative agents of anaerobic clostridiosis are: causative agents of tetanus, botulism, emphysematous carbuncle, malignant edema, sheep bradsitis, anaerobic enterotoxemia.

1. 
   Definition of disease.Noisy, or emphysematous, carbuncle (abbreviated as “emkar”) (carbunculus emphysematosa) is an acute infectious but non-contagious disease of cattle, sheep and goats, caused by an anaerobic bacillus and characterized by the development of hemorrhagic-necrotic­myositis with gas formation and serous hemorrhagic infestation­filtration of loose fiber adjacent to the muscles.
   

Historical reference.Emphysematous carbun as an independent disease­cool described in1875. Bollinger. Before that, it was mixed with anthrax. Vozbu­The cause of the disease was established by French researchers Arlouin, Corneven and Thomas in1884. Immunization of animals against emkar with a formol vaccine was proposed in1925. Leclenche and Balle. In the USSR, formolvaccine was produced in1929. S.N. Mu­Romtsev. IN1959. F.I. Kagan and A.I. Kolesov proposed a concentrated aluminum hydroxide vaccine for vaccination against emkar. Emphysematous carbuncle is observed in almost all countries of the world.Emphysematous carbuncle is a disease of cattle, sheep and goats. Most often recorded at the age of 3 months. up to 4 years. During the grazing period it is rarely found in sheep. Level set­increased sensitivity in well-fed animals, whose muscle tissue is more saturated with glycogen, which favors intense­strong development of the causative agent of emphysematous carbuncle.

2.