Answer the following questions; What is motivation?

Answer the following questions;

1. What is motivation?

2. What type of motivation do you know?

3. What is method?

4. What type of learning styles do you know?

5. Tell about 5 tips for young learners.

6. What kind of learner is kinesthetic?

1. What is motivation?

Motivation is a person’s ability to find the energy to achieve a chosen goal. There are two types of motivation: Intrinsic - The desire to do something for the sake of doing it. Example: reading a book because you find it interesting. Extrinsic - Completing a task to receive a reward or avoid punishment. Example: reading a book because you don’t want to fail the exam. These two types of motivation affect your choices.

2. What type of motivation do you know?

The two main types of motivation are intrinsic and extrinsic. According to Deci (1975), intrinsically motivated behaviours trigger “internally rewarding consequences” such as the “feeling of competence and self-determination” (p. 23). On the other hand, extrinsically motivated activities lead to certain rewards such as diplomas, prizes and good marks. Brown (2000) points out that even punishment can be an element, for it creates the motivation to avoid it. Brown claims that extrinsic motivation is usually weaker than intrinsic due to its addictiveness and dependency: depriving students of rewards could lead to demotivation. However, Brown also argues that some rewards (extrinsic motivation) such as positive feedback from the instructor could increase the level of self-determination (intrinsic motivation). Accordingly, as Wu (2008) states, language learners need both extrinsic motivation, which teachers have the possibility to initiate, as well as intrinsic motivation.

Two other important motivation types in language learning are integrative and instrumental (Gardner and Lambert, 1972). Integrative motivation refers to students who wish to integrate into the target culture. If a student is instrumentally motivated, his/her goals are to achieve a certain reward such as promotion or good grades. Gardner and MacIntyre (1991) subsequently refer to these types of motivation as orientation, for orientation is not always related to one’s motivation. For instance, one can have high integrative orientation with little wish to learn the target language. Integrative and instrumental orientation don’t have to be thought of as mutually exclusive as a student can have the urge to obtain good grades and at the same time want to integrate into the target society.

3. What is method?

A method, in the context of object-oriented programming, is a procedure or function associated with a class. As part of a class, a method defines a particular behavior of a class instance. A class can have more than one method.The idea of methods appears in all object-oriented programming languages. Methods are similar to functions or procedures in other programming languages such as C, SQL and Delphi.An object method can only have access to the data known by that object. This maintains the integrity of data between sets of objects in a program. A method can be reused in many objects.

4. What type of learning styles do you know?

Learning styles and preferences take on a variety of forms—and not all people fit neatly into one category. But generally speaking, these are the most common types of learners:

1. Visual learners

How to recognize visual learners in your class: Someone with a preference for visual learning is partial to seeing and observing things, including pictures, diagrams, written directions and more. This is also referred to as the “spatial” learning style. Students who learn through sight understand information better when it’s presented in a visual way. These are your doodling students, your list makers and your students who take notes.How to cater to visual learners: The whiteboard or smartboard is your best friend when teaching these types of learners. Give students opportunities to draw pictures and diagrams on the board, or ask students to doodle examples based on the topic they’re learning. Teachers catering to visual learners should regularly make handouts and use presentations. Visual learners may also need more time to process material, as they observe the visual cues before them. So be sure to give students a little time and space to absorb the information.

2. Auditory learners How to recognize auditory learners in your class: Auditory learners tend to learn better when the subject matter is reinforced by sound. These students would much rather listen to a lecture than read written notes, and they often use their own voices to reinforce new concepts and ideas. These types of learners prefer reading out loud to themselves. They aren’t afraid to speak up in class and are great at verbally explaining things. Additionally, they may be slower at reading and may often repeat things a teacher tells them.How to cater to auditory learners: Since these students generally find it hard to stay quiet for long periods of time, get your auditory learners involved in the lecture by asking them to repeat new concepts back to you. Ask questions and let them answer. Invoke group discussions so your auditory and verbal processors can properly take in and understand the information they’re being presented with. Watching videos and using music or audiotapes are also helpful ways of learning for this group.

3. Kinesthetic learners How to recognize kinesthetic learners in your class: Kinesthetic learners, sometimes called tactile learners, learn through experiencing or doing things. They like to get involved by acting out events or using their hands to touch and handle in order to understand concepts. These types of learners might struggle to sit still and often excel at sports or like to dance. They may need to take more frequent breaks when studying.How to cater to kinesthetic learners: The best way teachers can help these students learn is by getting them moving. Instruct students to act out a certain scene from a book or a lesson you’re teaching. Also try encouraging these students by incorporating movement into lessons: pacing to help memorize, learning games that involve moving around the classroom or having students write on the whiteboard as part of an activity.Once kinesthetic learners can physically sense what they’re studying, abstract ideas and difficult concepts become easier to understand.

4. Reading/writing learners How to recognize reading/writing learners in your class: According to the VARK Modalities theory developed by Fleming and Mills in 1992, reading/writing learners prefer to learn through written words. While there is some overlap with visual learning, these types of learners are drawn to expression through writing, reading articles or books, writing in diaries, looking up words in the dictionary and searching the internet for just about everything.How to cater to reading/writing learners: Of the four learning styles, this is probably the easiest to cater to since much of the traditional educational system tends to center on writing essays, doing research and reading books. Be mindful about allowing plenty of time for these students to absorb information through the written word, and give them opportunities to get their ideas out on paper as well.

5. Tell about 5 tips for young learners.

Teaching pre-school and kindergarten is full of both rewards and challenges. Teaching young learners English as a second language presents a unique set of challenges. Many teachers with experience in elementary and middle school classes feel lost when they first start teaching kids younger than six years old, and for good reason; young learners are at a completely different developmental stage and running such a classroom requires a unique set of skills and mindset. If you get any of the main points wrong, the kids will start misbehaving, crying, fighting, creating a long and dramatic day.Here are our top five tips for working with young learners:

1. Have fun!

2. Watch Attention Spans

3. Create routine

4. Use interactive activities

5. Patience

6. What kind of learner is kinesthetic

We all have preferred learning styles that help us to engage with content and retain information. The three core learning styles are auditory, visual and kinaesthetic learning.Kinaesthetic learning happens when we have a hands on experience. An example of a kinaesthetic learning experience is when a child learns to use a swing or to ride a bike. They can read instructions or listen to instructions, but deep learning occurs via the process of doing.The characteristics of a kinaesthetic learner are that they need a multi-sensory learning environment for deep learning as they learn through ‘doing’. A kinaesthetic learner is someone who needs to be actively engaged in their learning. They are ‘tactile’ learners who use movement, testing, trial and error and a non-traditional learning environment to retain information and excel.