Apacage Some pointers to common pitfalls Hans Hummel, March 1, 2007 (Ch. 12 17)

APAcage Some pointers to common pitfalls Hans Hummel, March 1, 2007 (Ch. 1.12-1.17)

Main source (‘bible’) Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (fifth edition, 2001)

Some prejudices

• APA format is old and no longer functional

• APA style does not apply to ALT journals

• APA is a straitjacket

• APA can be left to editors

• …. exercise in conciseness and consistency!

Will NOT be addressed

• Expressing ideas, line of reasoning  Marcus

• Organisation of the method & article  Peter

• Integration to EndNote / RefMan  Tim S

• (Re)writing the article  handout emp. article

• The (re)submission & reviewing process

• All other frustrations & challenges

Will be addressed

• Some ‘mechanical aspects’ of APA style: punctuation, capitalization, italics, headings, citations, …(Ch 3): just briefly

• Reference list (Ch 4): most important examples

• Manuscript preparation (Ch 5): just briefly

APA style: nitpicking

• Punctuation: Period (.); comma (,); semicolon (;); colon (:); dash (-); quotation marks (“); parentheses (()); brackets ([]); slash (/); etc

• Preferred spelling: UK vs US (behaviour / behavior, modelling / modeling, capitalization / capitalisation); follow-up (noun, adjective) vs followup (noun)(hyphenation); etc

• Capitalization: all title words in text, but not in reference list

• Quotations: block (>40 words); double / single quotation marks; author, specific page(s)

EXPERIMENT 1: AN INTERVIEW VALIDATION STUDY (level 5) External validation (level 4) Method (level 3) Participants (level 2) Sleep-deprived group. (level 1)

APA style: tables and figures

• Table 1

• Analysis of Variance for Classical Conditioning

• [table]

• but …

• [figure]

• Figure 1. Sample line graph.

• List figure captions on separate page

APA style: Reference citations in text

• Number of authors

• One: Drachsler (2007) compared completion scores of … , or: In a recent study on completion (Drachsler, 2007) it was found that …

• Two: Allways cite both names and the year. Note missing comma: (Drachsler & Hummel, 2007)

• Three-Five: Cite all authors first time, in subsequent citations include only surname of first author followed by et al. and the year if it is the first citation within a paragraph. Note the comma: (Drachsler, Hummel, & Koper, 2007)

• Six or more: cite only surname of first author followed by et al. and the year

• Cite as many names as needed to distinguish

• Special cases: groups of authors, same surnames, within same parentheses, classical works, ….

• Beware of alphabetical and chronological order

Reference list (1)

• Journal paper (periodical)

• Koper, E. J. R., Pannekeet, K., Hendriks, M., & Hummel, H. G. K. (2004). Building communities for the exchange of learning objects: theoretical foundations and requirements. ALT-J Research in Learning Technology, 12(1), 21-35.

• Note: only capitalise first word in title, capitalise all words in journal, only use issue number when each issues start renumbering!

• Note status: published (above), accepted (in press), or submitted Manuscript submitted for publication.

• Book (chapter) (nonperiodical)

• Van Rosmalen, P., & Boticario, J. (2005). Using Learning Design to support design- and runtime adaptation. In R. Koper & C.Tattersall (Eds.), Learning Design: a handbook on modeling and delivering networked education and training (pp. 51-84). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag.

• Note: use comma and ampersand with two authors

Reference list (2)

• Online paper (periodical, Internet-only)

• Hummel, H. G. K. (2006, December 19). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7(3). Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748

• Internet paper (periodical, based on print source)

• Hummel, H. G. K. (2006). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses [Electronic version]. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7, 117-123. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748

• Nonperiodical documents on the Internet

• IMS-LD (2003). IMS Learning Design specification. Retrieved February 27th, 2004, from http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.cfm

Reference list (2)

• Online paper (periodical, Internet-only)

• Hummel, H. G. K. (2006, December 19). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7(3). Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748

• Internet paper (periodical, based on print source)

• Hummel, H. G. K. (2006). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses [Electronic version]. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7, 117-123. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748

• Nonperiodical documents on the Internet

• IMS-LD (2003). IMS Learning Design specification. Retrieved February 27th, 2004, from http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.cfm

Reference list (3)

• Conference paper (published regularly)

• Hummel, H. G. K., Tattersall, C, Burgos, D., Brouns, F. M. R., Kurvers, H. J., & Koper, E. J. R. (2006). Fostering participation in learning networks by using reward systems and face-to-face meetings. Proceedings of the ICALT 2006 Conference, Kerkrade, The Netherlands, 5-7 July 2006 (pp. 534-536).

• Note: names of editors and information retrieval information are not compulsory

• Conference paper (non-published, irregular)

• Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674

• Contribution to a conference (keynote, presentation, non-published)

• Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Presentation at the International Workshop in Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674

Reference list (3)

• Conference paper (published regularly)

• Hummel, H. G. K., Tattersall, C, Burgos, D., Brouns, F. M. R., Kurvers, H. J., & Koper, E. J. R. (2006). Fostering participation in learning networks by using reward systems and face-to-face meetings. Proceedings of the ICALT 2006 Conference, Kerkrade, The Netherlands, 5-7 July 2006 (pp. 534-536).

• Note: names of editors and information retrieval information are not compulsory

• Conference paper (non-published, irregular)

• Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674

• Contribution to a conference (keynote, presentation, non-published)

• Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Presentation at the International Workshop in Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674

Reference list (4)

• Non-English journal articles

• Intensitätsabhängigkeit evozierter Potenzial im EEG: Sind impulsive Personen Augmenter oder Reducer? [Intensity dependence in event-related EEG potentials: Are impulsive individuals augmenters or reducers?]. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 21, 208-217.

• Software

• Vogten, H., Martens, H. (2005). CopperCore (version 1.2) [Computer software]. Heerlen, The Netherlands: Open Universiteit Nederland.

• All other references (theses, reports, reviews, monographs, …)  95 types (APA manual, pp 240-281)

Manuscript preparation

• 12 point courier, double spaced, 1 inch margins

• Order: title page with running head; abstract (separate page); text; references; appendices; author note; tables; figure captions; figures

• Indent first line of every paragraph (except abstract)

• Electronical vs hardcopy submissions

• Anonymisation (exclude author info)

• Cover letter

Finally

• Look for (good) worked out examples

• Use an APA template

• This presentation can be found in dspace