Hearing
Figure 4.9
Illustration of the feature of good continuation between notes in plot (a) which is
missing in plot (b).
In Matlab, first we will produce the two note sequences, sa and sb, using the
freqgen()
function, with the latter sequence exhibiting the glissando:
Fs=8000;
n1=832;
n2=350;
d1=0.1*Fs;
dm=0.04*Fs;
d2=0.1*Fs;
a=[n1*ones(1,d1), zeros(1,dm), n2*ones(1,d2), zeros(1,dm)];
b=[n1*ones(1,d1), n1-[1:dm]*(n1-n2)/(dm), n2*ones(1,d2),
n2+[1:dm]*(n1-n2)/(dm)];
sa=freqgen(a,Fs);
sb=freqgen(b,Fs);
We could plot the two frequency tracks, a and b, and see that they are very similar to
the plots of Figure 4.9. Next we will perform some amplitude shaping by amplifying the
notes at the expense of the glissando. This helps to present the glissando as a secondary
feature rather than as the focus of the sounds:
amp=0.4+sign(a)/2;
sa=sa.*amp;
sb=sb.*amp;
4.6. Summary
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Finally, we can replay several repetitions of the discontinuous sound:
soundsc(repmat(sa,1,8))
and follow that with the connected sounds:
soundsc(repmat(sb,1,8))
4.6
Summary
In this chapter we studied human hearing, beginning with the physical structure of the
ear, and the processes occurring within it. We then discussed several counter-intuitive
aspects of hearing, where the human auditory system fails to behave in the predictable
way that an examination of the physics of sound would suggest.
This departure from a purely physical interpretation of sound, named psychoacous-
tics, was characterised through several examples, including Matlab programs to demon-
strate the effect in many cases. Finally, the entire topic of auditory scene analysis was
discussed in an attempt to formulate a conceptual model describing the operation of the
human auditory system in interpreting complex mixtures of sounds presented to it.
We will now depart from a discussion of the human auditory system to discuss speech
communications in Chapter 5, returning to methods of automatic sound analysis by
computer in Chapter 6, and finally back to several important psychoacoustics topics in
Chapter 7.
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