As a whole, rather than among individuals
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oraliq 18-variant
18.1 1. Distribution - the distribution of material wealth between subjects of economic relations. The main distribution is usually carried out in the process of creating material wealth, including the division of labor, in the form of separation by property rights. Redistribution refers to the transfer of money or other property from one person to another through social mechanisms such as taxation, charity, social security, land, monetary policy, confiscation, and family law. This term generally refers to the distribution of income among the factors of production in the economy as a whole, rather than among individuals. 2. Promotion is the act of promoting a person, thing, service, etc.. To promote and distribute products, services, goods or ideas in accordance with the purpose, to persuade the public to perform the act of consumption. 3.The other items are covered in more detail below: Personal selling (= sales): this is the direct face-to-face communication between salesperson and customer. The sales process has various stages: Prospecting: identifying a potential customer ( - a prospect) who has the ability and authority to buy. Approach: contacting the prospect and preparing for the sales interview. Presentation: describing the features of the product, highlighting lhe advantages over competing products, and giving examples of satisfied customers. Demonstration: if possible, the customer is given a chance to see the product in use. Answering objections: customers should be given a chance to express their doubts, as they are unlikely to buy unless-these are dealt with. At this stage the salesperson -.tresses benefits rather than features. Closing: the salesperson asks the prospect to buy. If the customer still has doubts then options include offering an alternative product, offering a special incentive, or restating the product benefits. Follow-up: processing the order quickly and efficiently, and reassuring the customer about their purchase decision during further conversation. Long-term relationship: going on to establish regular contact with the customer. Advertising: the use of different media such as television commercials, advertisements in newspapers and magazines, direct mail, outdoor (billboards, posters on bus-stops), flyers given to people on the street, Internet. Public relations: managing 'publicity' (information that makes people notice a company). The PR function in a company needs to establish good relations with the news media in order to control this information, and PR people issue press releases and hold press conferences. Events: memorable occasions (in-store, on the street, in an unusual location). Sponsorship of sports teams, music groups, theatre / opera I ballet etc. Endorsements by celebrities (eg 'the face of L'Oreal', rap artists wearing a clothing brand). Trade promotions to retailers, eg financial incentives to stock a new product or to give more space/visibility to existing products (eg shelf height and aisle position). Other: product placement in films, word-of-mouth (= personal recommendations), viral marketing (online through social networking websites and friends emailing video clips). 4.Indossament- qimmatli qog'oz ustidagi ushbu hujjat bo'yicha huquqlarning boshqa shaxsga o'tkazilganligini tasdiqlovchi o'tkazma (hujjat) yozuv. 18.2 agent / broker promotion/ advertising client / customer brochure / catalogue commercial / spot sponsorship/ endorsement 1. To refer to a buyer, the word ______promotion____ is more common where there is a standard product, and in shops and restaurants. The word___adversiting__________ is more common in the service sector and where there is a degree of personalization. 2. A list of everything that a company sells is called a _____catalogue__________. If it has lots of colour pictures and looks like a small magazine it is more likely to be called a _____brochure____________. The former may have prices as well, the latter would not. 3. A general word that means 'the process of attracting people's attention to a product' is ______client___________ . One specific example of this is_____costumer________, which refers to text and images and sound in media such as television, newspapers, billboards and the Internet. 4. An advertisement on television, radio or film is called a ____commercial_________. An informal word with the same meaning is ____spot_________. 5. ___Agent____________is when a celebrity uses a certain product as a way of promoting it.____Broker_________ is the activity of giving financial support to a sports or cultural event. 6. Both words mean 'a person who does business on behalf of another company'. The word ____sponsorship__________ is used where there is a long-term relationship, whereas the word __endorsement__________ is more common for individual transactions (eg stocks). 18.3 - identifying a potential customer- Follow-up - contacting the prospect and preparing for the sales interview- Presentation Prospecting - describing the features of the product- Demonstration - giving the customer a chance to see the product in use- Follow- up - asking the prospect to buy- Approach Closing - dealing with any doubts that the customer has- Answering objections - processing the order quickly and maintaining long-term contact- Approach Closing 18.4 Peter was Sally's best friend. She ___knowed________(know) him all her life. The children were wet because they _____played_____(play) football in the rain. We were very hungry because we _____not eated______(not / eat). I was delighted when I found my keys. I ___looked____(look) for them for hours. She was exhausted because she ___worked_______(work) since eight o'clock that morning. Everything was white because it ______snowed_____(snow). The passengers were cross because the airline ___losed______(lose) everyone's bags. I___not sed________ (not / see) Jacob for several years, but I recognised him immediately. Download 46.82 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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