Auditimi publik 1 kontrolli I lartë I shtetit
Auditing of State Accounts
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- Auditing and Management of Public Services
- Certification of State Accounts
- Assistance to the Parliament PUBLIC AUDIT Court of Accounts of France 340
- General Secretariat (Supporting Structures)
- General Secretariat and Administrative Services
- Administrative services under the authority of a Director General
- Legal Framework National Audit Office Act Public Sector Internal Audit Act Public Financial Inspection Act
- Scope of the Auditing Function Profile PUBLIC AUDIT 345
- TE AUDI AVIAN R
- CE OF T LIC OF M
- The methodological framework
Auditing of State Accounts Until 2008, the procedure before the Court of Auditors was secret, written and objective. It maintained the principle of contradictory and when it Profile PUBLIC AUDIT 339 ALSAI was found a violation, the Court could temporary suspended the act, leaving the person two months to provide additional supporting documents or to pay the amount that was missing. The final decision may emerge only after this period. In 2008, the law changed this procedure because audiences were public and the decision was not appealable. The accountants are audited as far as the implementation of their tasks is concerned and when it results that they have operated in accordance rules, the court grants the "discharge of liabilities". If it is proved the contrary, that the court finds errors in the reflection of revenues and/or expenditures, then it declares the accountant liable and the latter should pay the damage caused with his personal income. Each chamber audits in accordance with its field competencies once a year the state accounts. State institutions in the respective districts are subjected to the auditing competencies of 26 regional chambers. The appeal of the decision is always guaranteed. Management Audit The Court has no jurisdiction to judge top management officials, but it can audit their management methods through the documentation provided by the accountants. In accordance the law, since 1982, it may audit the accuracy and legality of their decisions through an assessment report. This audit is a judicial and cannot lead to a decision against the official, but it can put out surveys to their leaders, find or identify shortcomings of budgetary and financial discipline. Auditing and Management of Public Services In the audit of public enterprises there are not trials but special reports or opinions. Besides the legality or regularity of financial operations, it analyzes the effectiveness of the administration or organization being audited, with the intention of verifying the good use of public funds. Once a year, the Court shall prepare a public report to Parliament and to the President of the Republic, which is published in the Official Gazette. The public annual report is now divided into several publications that come out in different periods of the year: a general report and special reports for single topics. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Court of Accounts has another mission that is the assistance of the Parliament through an annual report on the progress of the national economy and public finances orientation. Certification of State Accounts The law has accorded the Court the task of certification of state accounts. The first accounting year subjected to this rule was 2006. This new mission places the Court into a prominent position in the ongoing reform of state finances. The Court shall maintain its position on the annual accounts published by the Ministry of Finance, according to the accounting rules and principles of the French state: regularity, sincerity, in the sense of a real "photographic image" of a year’s results, as well as the financial situation and assets of the state at the end of the year. Assistance to the Parliament PUBLIC AUDIT Court of Accounts of France 340 No.4, January – April 2013 According to the Constitution (based on the act of 23 July 2008), the Court assists the Parliament in auditing government share, because the parliament holds the mission of public policy evaluation. In order to contribute to this task, the Court produces research reports at the request of the Senate and the National Assembly in relation to the audit of public policy. This action is part of the collaboration between the Court and the legislature power in the context of the audit of the public spending growth and the performance evaluation of public policies. In the organization of the Court of Accounts an important place is held by the General Prosecutor and the General Secretariat. The Prosecution Office is composed of the General Prosecutor, who is assisted by the general attorneys. The General Prosecutor is charged with the law implementation and to help the Court to clarify different issues. The Prosecution Office should follow and cooperate to implement the decisions made by the court. The Prosecution Office has traditionally been a link between the court and various state authorities. The Prosecution Office is designed to assist the court, to analyze and conclude on reported irregularities and measures taken during their audit and to pronounce on the relative importance of the submissions. The General Prosecutor oversees the work of the Court, in connection with the subjects that the latter should examine or judge. On his initiative, the General Prosecutor is a guarantor of public finance and it may ask the Court to open a proceeding or reconsider a decision. It can also appeal against the decisions of regional chambers of accounts and judgments of the Court of Cassation seeking a second verification. It also monitors the execution of judgments of the Court and in general and is responsible for monitoring the progress of its work. The General Prosecutor also plays a special role in relation to regional and territorial chambers because it must ensure the good functioning of the latter, through the presence of financial prosecutor chosen for this purpose. General Secretariat (Supporting Structures) It is responsible for the supporting functions such as control and administrative management. The support staff of the Court of Accounts is divided into different structures (director, office, etc.) some related directly to the General Secretariat, others under the authority of a chief service. The administrative staff serves the Court, the Attorney General and the regional and territorial chambers. Administrative_Services'>General Secretariat and Administrative Services The first President under his authority, the Secretary General and his two deputies, elected by the judges of the Court and has also leading positions in of administrative services. Amongst administrative services, some are connected directly with the General Secretariat, others under the authority of a chief service. Profile PUBLIC AUDIT 341 ALSAI Administrative services directly related to the General Secretariat Department of Communication The Public and Program Report Service Department of Foreign relations, External audit and Francophony The register of the Court of Accounts The Legal Service Administrative services under the authority of a Director General Human Resources and Training Department of Finance and Audit IT Department Logistics Department Department of Protocol and archive. ALSAI Supreme A General I The Natio budgetar Supreme was estab operating Art. 91 Republic (1) The establish The Nati Supreme Audit Instituti B Information onal Audit Off ry control tr Chamber o blished by law g until 1947. of the Con of Bulgaria sta e National a National ional Audit Off e Chamber of ons (SAI) ulgaria fice continues raditions of f Control, w w in 1880 and nstitution of ates as follow Assembly s Audit Office ffice continues Control, which an Nati s the the which was the s: shall e to supe budg (2) proc Offic law. Acco Offic the vice Asse s the budgetar h was establis ional A ervise the im get. The organiz cedures by wh ce shall act s ording to the ce Act adopte NAO comprise presidents e embly. ry control trad shed by law in PUBLIC AU Pr Audit O mplementation zation, autho hich the Natio hall be estab e new Nation ed in Decemb es a president lected by the ditions of the 1880 Profile UDIT 343 rofile Office n of the ority and onal Audit blished by nal Audit ber 2010, t and two National PUBLIC AUDIT Bulgarian National Audit Office 344 No.4, January – April 2013 The NAO exercises control over the implementation of the budget and other public funds and activities in accordance with the NAO Act and the internationally accepted auditing standards. The main task of the National Audit Office is to control the reliability and truthfulness of the financial statements of budget funded organisations, the legality, efficiency, effectiveness and economy of the management of public funds and activities, as well as to provide the National Assembly with reliable information thereof. The National Audit Office is independent in performing its operations and reports directly to the National Assembly. The operations of the National Audit Office are performed on the basis of the following principles: 1. independence, objectivity and good faith; 2. professionalism, integrity and impartiality; 3. consistency and predictability; 4. openness and transparency; 5. trust, co operation and constructiveness. The NAO has an independent budget, which is part of the republican budget of the Republic of Bulgaria. The NAO adopts an annual audit program. The National Assembly can, by virtue of its decision, assign to the National Audit Office to carry out up to five audits a year outside the audits envisaged in the annual programme. Legal Framework National Audit Office Act Public Sector Internal Audit Act Public Financial Inspection Act Financial Management and Control in the Public Sector Act Bulgarian National Audit Office Strategic Development Plan 2007 2012 National Audit Office Law Article 1. (1) This Act shall regulate the structure, functions, organisation and operations of the National Audit Office, as well as the powers of its bodies. (2) The National Audit Office shall exercise control over the implementation of the budget and of other public funds and activities in accordance with this Act and the internationally accepted auditing standards. Main Task Article 2. The main task of the National Audit Office is to control the reliability and truthfulness of the financial statements of budget funded organisations, the legality, efficiency, effectiveness and economy of the management of public funds and activities, as well as to provide the National Assembly with reliable information thereof. Independence Article 3. The National Audit Office shall be independent in performing its operations and shall report to the National Assembly. Types of Audits Article 5. (1) The National Audit Office shall carry out: 1. financial audits; 2. compliance audits of financial management; 3. performance audits; 4. specific audits. Scope of the Auditing Function Profile PUBLIC AUDIT 345 ALSAI Article 6. (1) The National Audit Office shall audit: 1. the state budget; 2. the budget of the public social security scheme; 3. the budget of the National Health Insurance Fund; 4. the budgets of municipalities; 5. other budgets adopted by the National Assembly. Article 9. (1) The National Audit Office shall co operate with the European Court of Auditors and supreme audit institutions of other countries in the field of external audit and shall represent the Republic of Bulgaria in international organisations of supreme audit institutions. National Audit Office Article 12. (1) The National Audit Office comprising a President and two Vice Presidents shall be elected by the National Assembly. (2) The President shall be elected for a period of 6 years and the Vice Presidents – for a period of 7 years. International co operation The international activity is closely related to the process of acession of the Republic of Bulgaria to the EU and NATO, with the expansion of the co operation with the European Court of Auditors, SAIs of the EU member states and SAIs of Central and East European countries. The National Audit Office of the Republic of Bulgaria is a member of INTOSAI, EUROSAI and the Association of SAIs of French speaking countries. NAO corresponds with about 50 SAIs on the basis of bilateral and multilateral relations. The NAO of the Republic of Bulgaria has signed co operation agreements with SAIs of the Republic ofLithuania, the Republic ofMacedonia, Mongolia, Republic of Poland, Romania, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, the Autonomous republic of Crimea, Latvia and Georgia. In 2000 the NAO of the Republic of Bulgaria hosted the meeting of the Presidents of SAI’s of Central and East European countries, Cyprus, Malta and the European Court of Auditors. An International Conference ‘The role of Supreme Audit Institutions in combating Fraud and Corruption and their Co operation with other Authorities’ was held in Sofia in 2003. The ALSAI is currently holding a close relationship with the Bulgarian SAI and is in the process of signing a cooperation agreement. ALSAI Supreme A YU The SAO The fir competen World W control o reforms. establishe the Form Macedon Audit Law The first Through is now Audit Instituti STAT UGOSLA Status rst organs ncies were War II. Throu organs have The SAO, as ed in 1997 by mer Yugoslav nia, according w (SAL). Till Ju t organs with c hout the years ons (SAI) TE AUDI AVIAN R with con created be ughout the y undergone m s it is now, y the Assemb vian Republic g to the S une 2006, the control compe control organ IT OFFIC REPUBL ntrol efore years many was ly of c of State SAO has ame Two prov audi plan resu staff SAO nine Dep Ope Offic etencies were ns have under CE OF T LIC OF M undergone endments. o recent a visions relate it on the publ nning criteria ults of the fing, policies e O started wor e employees artment of erations Offic ce is headed created befor gone many ref PUBLIC AU Pr THE FOR MACED e to othe amendments d to the ma ic sector entit , publication audit, comp etc. rk in early 19 s from the Audit and ce. The Stat by the State re World War eforms. The SA Profile UDIT 347 rofile RMER ONIA er four include andate of ties, audit n of the pensation, 999, with former Payment te Audit e Auditor II. AO, as it PUBLIC AUDIT State Audit Office of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia 348 No.4, January – April 2013 General and his deputy, who are elected by Parliament for a period of 10 years. Audit Fields - The Budget of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia; - Budgets of local government units; - Budgets of funds; - Users of budget funds and their expenses; - State-owned enterprises; - National Bank of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia; - Legal entities in which the state is the main shareholder; - Political parties financed by the budget; - Agencies and other institutions established by law; - Other institutions that publicly funded; - Beneficiaries of EU funds and other international institutions. State Audit, in legal terms, has to do with: - Review of documents, letters and reports during the controls and internal audits; - Review of financial and accounting procedures, as well as electronic data and information systems to assess the veracity of financial statements and compliance with accounting standards; - Review of financial transactions defined as government spending, whether in respect of expenditure specified in the law; - Assessing whether funds are spent economically, efficiently and effectively (performance audit). Audit Purpose The conduct of the audits is determined in the SAO’s annual program. The following entities are required to be audited at least once a year: - Budgets (RM budget, budgets of local governments and funds); - Users of the Budget of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia; - Budgets of local government units; - State-owned enterprises established by the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia; - Political parties which are financed by the budget. The audited entities included in the SAO’s Annual Program are selected on the basis of certain criteria such as size, amount of collected public funds, risk management, or at the request of Parliament. The total number of entities, which are subject to audit at all levels, is about 2000. The methodological framework The SAO conducts financial (regularity) and performance audits. Government auditing is performed in accordance with the provisions of the SAO's Law, the standards of INTOSAI and the IFAC's Code, the INTOSAI Code of Ethics, and the legislation in force in the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia. The SAO has drafted a Financial and Performance Audit Manual, which are constantly evolving, taking into account best practices of the international community. Publications The SAO presents an annual report on the audits and its operation of the past year, no later than September 30 th of Profile PUBLIC AUDIT 349 ALSAI the current year. This report includes information on the implementation of recommendations, the identified systemic weaknesses in internal controls, as well as corruption cases reported by the State Anti Corruption Commission. In the report are presented the auditing reports on the implementation of the Budget of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, the budgets of ministries and state owned funds defined by the law. Audit reports containing findings of significant irregularities may be presented to the Parliament before the presentation of the Annual Report. These annual reports are also published on SAO’s website. Also, the SAO publishes its newsletter, which has been published for the first time in December 2005. The State Auditor General informs the public about the results of audit in accordance to the circumstances of the case. The funding SAO's activity is financed by: - State Budget (for budget users and beneficiaries of EU funds and other international funds); - Fees received from entities, in accordance with the SAO fees approved by Parliament. Download 30.22 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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