Azizdzhan fazilovich babadjanov

Paleogene system - . The Paleogene deposits come to the surface in the northern part of the area of Kungurtau anticlines. In the rest of the area, they are exposed by many wells under the cover of Quaternary and Neogene deposits. Paleogene deposits within the territory under consideration are represented by two divisions: Paleocene and Eocene. Deposits of the upper and partially middle sections are absent as a result of erosion during the Miocene period. Deposits of the Paleocene age - Bukhara layers - ₂ ¹ are represented by a layer of gray, light gray dense and loose dolomites and limestones with rare interlayers of white crystalline dense gypsum in the lower part. The thickness of Paleocene deposits on the Kungurtau uplands reaches 120 m. Eocene deposits - Suzak layers - ₂ ² in the crests of the Kungurtau anticlines are almost completely eroded.
Neogene system - N. Neogene continental deposits are represented by a thick series of red-colored sandy-clayey rocks of the Guzar suite , occurring on eroded horizons of Paleogene and Cretaceous deposits. Deposits of the Guzar Formation are exposed on the limbs of the Kungurtau anticlines. In addition, they are almost everywhere opened by wells. The deposits under consideration are brown and red-brown, gray medium-grained and fine-grained sandstones, sandy , calcareous clays and siltstones. The thickness of the deposits of the Guzar suite in deep troughs ( the area of the city of Karshi) exceeds 500 m; in the study area, they were discovered at a depth of 130 m.
Quaternary system - Q. The deposits of this system are the most widespread within the area under consideration, covering 96% of the entire area with a cover of various thicknesses (Appendix 1). They are represented by continental formations of eluvial-deluvial, deluvial-proluvial, proluvial, alluvial-proluvial and alluvial genesis. By age, they are divided into undivided Quaternary, Middle Quaternary, Upper Quaternary and modern Quaternary deposits [53;350-s., 57;278-s., 72;95-s.].
Undivided Quaternary sediments ( Q ) have a small distribution and are represented by eluvial-deluvial formations. The rocks of eluvial-deluvial genesis are developed on the watershed part of the Kungurtau upland. They cover the bedrocks of the Cretaceous, Paleogene ages. They are represented by light gray loess-like, macroporous sandy loams with a coating of white salts, gypsum-bearing in the lower part of the section. Sandy loams are homogeneous in the lower parts of the relief and include fragments of bedrock on the watersheds. In places, sandy loam is underlain by coarse clastic material with sand and gravel filler. The thickness of eluvial-deluvial deposits in some areas reaches 5 m (Appendix 3).
Middle Quaternary deposits (Karnab complex - Q ₂ kr ) belong to proluvial and deluvial-proluvial deposits. These deposits are widely developed on terrace IV above the floodplain of the Kashkadarya River. And they are represented by a thick layer of brown, silty, loess-like rocks, sometimes slightly sandy. On the left bank of the Kashkadarya River, in loess-like rocks, the number of inclusions from sandy material increases. At the foot of the Kungurtau upland, deluvial-proluvial deposits are developed in the form of relatively narrow bands 0.2–1.2 km wide. These deposits are represented by brown loess-like rocks. The rocks contain a large number of angular, poorly rounded fragments of sandstone and limestone. The maximum thickness is observed in the Kungurtau region - it reaches 37 m.
Upper Quaternary deposits (Sukaitinsky complex - Q ₃ sk ) are represented by alluvial-proluvial and proluvial deposits and compose the third floodplain terrace of the Kashkadarya River. They are represented by brown loess-like loams and sandy loams with layers of gray coarse and medium-sized sands, in which they are present as inclusions of fine gravel. Interlayers of gypsum are often found in the thickness. These deposits are developed in the southeast outside the described area. The Sukaitinsky complex is represented by loams and heavy, compacted sandy loams of gray and brownish-gray colors, gypsum in places, which are observed outside the described area.
Recent Quaternary deposits (amudarya complex - Q ₄ ad ) represented by alluvial deposits. They make up the floodplain, as well as the first and second terraces above the floodplain of the Kashkadarya River. Represented by brown, loose loams, sandy loams, gray uneven-grained sands and pebbles, the latter occurring in the form of thin layers and lenses. The floodplain and the first terrace above the floodplain are mainly composed of sands and sandy loams. The second terrace above the floodplain in its upper part is represented by sandy loams and loams up to 8 m thick, lower by interbedded loams, sands, sandy loams and gravel-pebble deposits. Their thickness within the region ranges from 25 to 40 m, and a decrease in thickness is observed from east to west. The deposits of the modern valley of the Kashkadarya river are underlain by deposits of the Karnab complex everywhere.
Modern technogenic deposits are modified, redeposited loams and sandy loams with the inclusion of household and construction waste (this also includes the formation of cemeteries). The soils are heterogeneous in composition and density, their thickness is about 0.5–3.0 m (2.0–3.0 m – the area of cemeteries), in some cases it reaches 7–8 m.