what I need to do. I just don’t know how to do it.”
As Christensen later explained, this division between what and how is crucial but
is overlooked in the professional world. It’s often straightforward to identify a
strategy needed to achieve a goal, but what trips up companies is figuring out how to
execute the strategy once identified. I came across this story in a foreword Christensen
wrote for a book titled The 4 Disciplines of Execution, which built on extensive
consulting case studies to describe four “disciplines” (abbreviated, 4DX) for helping
companies successfully implement high-level strategies. What struck me as I read was
that this gap between what and how was relevant to my personal quest to spend more
time working deeply. Just as Andy Grove had identified the importance of competing
in the low-end processor market, I had identified the importance of prioritizing depth.
What I needed was help figuring out how to execute this strategy.
Intrigued by these parallels, I set out to adapt the 4DX framework to my personal
work habits and ended up surprised by how helpful they proved in driving me toward
effective action on my goal of working deeply. These ideas may have been forged for
the world of big business, but the underlying concepts seem to apply anywhere that
something important needs to get done against the backdrop of many competing
obligations and distractions. With this in mind, I’ve summarized in the following
sections the four disciplines of the 4DX framework, and for each I describe how I
adapted it to the specific concerns of developing a deep work habit.
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