Best scientific research 2022
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RESEARCH - 2022 293 Not all acts of corruption lead to bribery. For example, a civil servant who is on sick leave is abusing his official position for his personal needs. Thus, even if he is not bribed, corruption is attempted. Although corruption exists in all countries, it is more widespread in low-income countries. This is not because people in poor countries are more prone than their counterparts in rich countries, but because the conditions there are more conducive to the growth of corruption. Bribery is a crime of calculation, not extiros. Depending on the amount received, the applicable penalty is also determined. For those with a pessimistic outlook, it seems like it's "no big deal" and not worth bothering about, because it's already taken for granted. Factors that spread corruption: Several factors are responsible for the wide spread of corruption. It is because of these identified factors that ways of fighting corruption can be found. That is, the solution to the problem depends on the reason that caused it. Below are the main factors and causes of corruption based on experiences from around the world. Corruption is usually associated with state activities, especially state monopoly and arbitrariness. Therefore, as Harry Becker, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, stated in one of his Business Week columns, “If we abolish the state, we also abolish corruption. However, a civilized society cannot function without the state, and the state should have many functions in modern, advanced societies." Becke's argument is supported by evidence that in the world's least corrupt countries, such as Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the largest share of tax revenue and public spending belongs to the public sector. That is, the income of employees working in the public sector is less than the income that can be found in the private sector. Salary level: According to many years of research, it has been suggested that the salary paid to civil servants is important in determining the level of corruption. For example, if we insult understanding through the image in the melody. |
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