Best scientific research 2022


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BEST SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH - 2022 
293 
Not all acts of corruption lead to bribery. For example, a civil servant who is on sick 
leave is abusing his official position for his personal needs. Thus, even if he is not bribed, 
corruption is attempted. Although corruption exists in all countries, it is more widespread in 
low-income countries. This is not because people in poor countries are more prone than 
their counterparts in rich countries, but because the conditions there are more conducive to 
the growth of corruption. Bribery is a crime of calculation, not extiros. Depending on the 
amount received, the applicable penalty is also determined. For those with a pessimistic 
outlook, it seems like it's "no big deal" and not worth bothering about, because it's already 
taken for granted. 
Factors that spread corruption: Several factors are responsible for the wide spread 
of corruption. It is because of these identified factors that ways of fighting corruption can be 
found. That is, the solution to the problem depends on the reason that caused it. Below are 
the main factors and causes of corruption based on experiences from around the world. 
Corruption is usually associated with state activities, especially state monopoly and 
arbitrariness. Therefore, as Harry Becker, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, stated in 
one of his Business Week columns, “If we abolish the state, we also abolish corruption. 
However, a civilized society cannot function without the state, and the state should have 
many functions in modern, advanced societies." Becke's argument is supported by evidence 
that in the world's least corrupt countries, such as Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and 
Sweden, the largest share of tax revenue and public spending belongs to the public sector. 
That is, the income of employees working in the public sector is less than the income that 
can be found in the private sector. 
Salary level: According to many years of research, it has been suggested that the 
salary paid to civil servants is important in determining the level of corruption. For example, 
if we insult understanding through the image in the melody. 



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