Blockchain Revolution


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Blockchain Revolution

Financial Times, September 5, 2014.

  1. CIA, “The World Factbook,” www.cia.gov, 2012; http://tinyurl.com/noxwvle, accessed August 28, 2015. Note that Cyprus’s carbon gas emissions in the same period were 8.801 million metric megatons (2012).

  2. “After the Bitcoin Gold Rush,” The New Republic, February 24, 2015; www.newrepublic.com/article/121089/how-small-bitcoin-miners-lose-crypto-currency-boom-bust-cycle, accessed May 15, 2015.

  3. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.

  4. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.

  5. Interview with Eric Jennings, July 10, 2015.

  6. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.

  7. Interview with Erik Voorhees, June 16, 2015.

  8. Sangjin Han, “On Fair Comparison Between CPU and GPU,” blog, February 12, 2013; www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~sangjin/2013/02/12/CPU-GPU-comparison.html, accessed August 28, 2015.

  9. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.

  10. Interview with Valery Vavilov, July 24, 2015.

  11. Hass McCook, “Under the Microscope: Economic and Environmental Costs of Bitcoin Mining,” CoinDesk Ltd., June 21, 2014; www.coindesk.com/microscope-economic-environmental-costs-bitcoin-mining/, accessed August 28, 2015.

  12. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.

  13. my-mr-wanky, eBay.com, May 8, 2014; www.ebay.com/itm/3-Cointerra-TerraMiner-IV-Bitcoin-Miner-1-6- TH-s-ASIC-Working-Units-in-Hand-/331192098368, accessed July 25, 2015.

  14. “PC Recycling,” MRI of Australia, MRI (Aust) Pty Ltd. Web. August 28, 2015; http://www.mri.com.au/pc- recycling.shtml.

  15. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.

  16. Vitalik Buterin, “Proof of Stake: How I Learned to Love Weak Subjectivity,” Ethereum blog, November 25, 2014; https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/25/proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity/.

  17. Stefan Thomas and Evan Schwartz, “Ripple Labs’ W3C Web Payments,” position paper, March 18, 2014; www.w3.org/2013/10/payments/papers/webpayments2014 -submission_25.pdf.

  18. Interview with Austin Hill, July 22, 2015.

  19. Interview with Roger Ver, April 30, 2015.

  20. Satoshi Nakamoto, “Re: Bitcoin P2P E-cash Paper,” The Mail Archive, November 7, 2008; www.mail- archive.com/, http://tinyurl.com/oofvok7, accessed July 13, 2015.

  21. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.

  22. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.

  23. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.

  24. Ibid.

  25. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.

  26. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015.

  27. Interview with Izabella Kaminska, August 5, 2015.

  28. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.

  29. Andrew Vegetabile, “An Objective Look into the Impacts of Forking Blockchains Due to Malicious Actors,” The Digital Currency Council, July 9, 2015; www.digitalcurrencycouncil.com/professional/an-objective-look- into-the-impacts-of-forking-blockchains-due-to-malicious-actors/.

  30. Interview with Keonne Rodriguez, May 11, 2015.

  31. Vegetabile, “An Objective Look.”

  32. Peter Todd, “Re: [Bitcoin-development] Fwd: Block Size Increase Requirements,” The Mail Archive, June 1, 2015; www.mail-archive.com/, http://tinyurl.com/pk4ordw, accessed August 26, 2015.

  33. Satoshi Nakamoto, “Re: Bitcoin P2P E-cash Paper,” Mailing List, Cryptography, Metzger, Dowdeswell & Co. LLC, November 11, 2008. Web. July 13, 2015, www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography.

  34. Pascal Bouvier, “Distributed Ledgers Part I: Bitcoin Is Dead,” FiniCulture blog, August 4, 2015; http://finiculture.com/distributed-ledgers-part-i-bitcoin-is-dead/, accessed August 28, 2015.

  35. Western Union, “Company Facts,” Western Union, Western Union Holdings, Inc., December 31, 2014. Web. January 13, 2016; http://corporate.westernunion.com/Corporate_Fact_Sheet.html.

  36. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.

  37. Ibid.

  38. Interview with Austin Hill, July 22, 2015.

  39. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.

  40. Andreas Antonopoulos, “Bitcoin as a Distributed Consensus Platform and the Blockchain as a Ledger of Consensus States,” interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, December 9, 2014.

  41. Andy Greenberg, “Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep on the Highway—with Me in It,” Wired, July 21, 2015.

  42. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 28, 2015, Buenos Aires, Argentina; http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter_autonomous_weapons#signatories.

  43. Lisa Singh, “Father of the Internet Vint Cerf’s Forecast for ‘Internet of Things,’” Washington Exec, August 17, 2015.

  44. Interview with Keonne Rodriguez, May 11, 2015.

  45. Ceglowski, “Our Comrade the Electron.”

  46. Interview with Ann Cavoukian, September 2, 2015.

  47. Ceglowski, “Our Comrade the Electron.”

  48. http://www.lightspeedmagazine.com/nonfiction/interview-marc-goodman/.

  49. Marc Goodman, Future Crimes: Everything Is Connected, Everyone Is Vulnerable, and What We Can Do About It (New York, Doubleday, 2015).

  50. Interview with Steve Omohundro, May 28, 2015.

  51. The Silver Stallion, chapter 26; www.cadaeic.net/cabell.htm, accessed October 2, 2015.

  52. Interview with Yochai Benkler, August 26, 2015.



Chapter 11: Leadership for the Next Era

  1. Stephan Tual, “Announcing the New Foundation Board and Executive Director,” Ethereum blog, Ethereum Foundation, July 30, 2015; https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/07/30/announcing-new-foundation-board-executive- director/, accessed December 1, 2015.

  2. Ethereum: The World Computer, produced by Ethereum, YouTube, July 30, 2015; www.youtube.com/watch? v=j23HnORQXvs, accessed December 1, 2015.

  3. Interview with Vitalik Buterin, September 30, 2015.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Ibid.

  7. Henry VI, part 2, act 4, scene 2.

  8. E-mail correspondence with Vitalik Buterin, October 1, 2015.

  9. David D. Clark, “A Cloudy Crystal Ball,” presentation, IETF, July 16, 1992; http://groups.csail.mit.edu/ana/People/DDC/future_ietf_92.pdf.

  10. Interview with Brian Forde, June 26, 2015.

  11. Interview with Erik Voorhees, June 16, 2015; interview with Andreas Antonopolous, July 20, 2015.

  12. Interview with Erik Voorhees, June 16, 2015.

  13. Interview with Jim Orlando, September 28, 2015.

  14. http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-venture-capital/.

  15. E-mail correspondence with Tim Draper, August 3, 2015.

  16. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.

  17. Ibid.

  18. Interview with Brian Forde, June 26, 2015.

  19. Interview with Joichi Ito, August 24, 2015.

  20. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.

  21. Ibid.

  22. www.cryptocoinsnews.com/us-colleges-universities-offering-bitcoin-courses-fall/.

  23. Interview with Adam Draper, May 31, 2015.

  24. Interview with Benjamin Lawsky, July 2, 2015.

  25. Interview with Perianne Boring at Money 2020, October 26, 2015.

  26. Interview with Joichi Ito, August 24, 2015.

  27. Interview with Blythe Masters, July 29, 2015.

  28. For a full list of all the major victories Lawsky achieved while superintendent of NYDFS, please visit www.dfs.ny.gov/reportpub/2014_annualrep_summ_mea.htm.

  29. Interview with Benjamin Lawsky, July 2, 2015.

  30. Ibid.

  31. Ibid.

  32. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.

  33. Interview with Benjamin Lawsky, July 2, 2015.

  34. Ibid.

  35. Required reading for anyone looking for a fresh take by a typically conservative government body: www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/412/banc/rep/rep12jun15-e.pdf.

  36. Ibid.

  37. Interview with Senator Doug Black of Canada, July 8, 2015.

  38. Ibid.

  39. Ibid.

  40. Ibid.

  41. Ibid.

  42. Interview with Aaron Wright, August 10, 2015.

  43. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.

  44. The Federal Reserve was not the first national bank in the United States. The First National Bank, brought into existence by Congress in 1791, and architected by the United States’ first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was far more limited in scope and President Andrew Jackson ultimately dismantled its successor, the Second National Bank, in 1836.

  45. Interview with Carolyn Wilkins, August 27, 2015.

  46. http://qz.com/148399/ben-bernanke-bitcoin-may-hold-long-term-promise/.

  47. In Canada: www.bankofcanada.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2010/11/regulation_canadian_financial.pdf; in the United States: www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_5.pdf.

  48. Interview with Carolyn Wilkins, August 27, 2015.

  49. “Money in a Digital World,” remarks by Carolyn Wilkins, Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, November 13, 2014.

  50. Interview with Carolyn Wilkins, August 27, 2015.

  51. Ibid.

  52. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.

  53. Interview with Steve Beauregard, April 30, 2015.

  54. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.

  55. Don Tapscott and Lynne St. Amour, “The Remarkable Internet Governance Network—Part I,” Global Solution Networks Program, Martin Prosperity Institute, University of Toronto, 2014.

  56. E-mail correspondence with Vint Cerf, June 12, 2015.

  57. www.w3.org/Payments/.

  58. www.intgovforum.org/cms/wks2015/index.php/proposal/view_public/239.

  59. www.internetsociety.org/inet-bangkok/speakers/mr-pindar-wong.

  60. Adam Killick, “Knowledge Networks,” Global Solution Networks Program, Martin Prosperity Institute, University of Toronto, 2014.

  61. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.

  62. Interview with Tyler Winklevoss, June 9, 2015.

  63. Interview with Joichi Ito, August 24, 2015.

  64. http://coala.global/?page_id=13396.

  65. www.digitalchamber.org/.

  66. https://blog.coinbase.com/2014/10/13/welcome-john-collins-to-coinbase/.

  67. http://www.digitalchamber.org/assets/press-release---g7---for-website.pdf.

  68. Anthony Williams, “Platforms for Global Problem Solving,” Global Solution Networks Program, Martin Prosperity Institute, University of Toronto 2013.

  69. Interview with Brian Forde, June 26, 2015.

  70. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.

  71. www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GAC15_Technological_Tipping_Points_report_2015.pdf, 7.

  72. Interview with Constance Choi, April 10, 2015.

  73. The digital revolution has moved on to “the second half of the chessboard”—a clever phrase coined by the American inventor and author Ray Kurzweil. He tells a story of the emperor of China being so delighted with the game of chess that he offered the game’s inventor any reward he desired. The inventor asked for rice. “I would like one grain of rice on the first square of the chessboard, two grains of rice on the second square, four grains of rice on the third square, and so on, all the way to the last square,” he said. Thinking this would add up to a couple bags of rice, the emperor happily agreed. He was misguided. While small at the outset, the amount of rice escalates to more than two billion grains halfway through the chessboard. The final square would require nine billion billion grains of rice—enough to cover all of Earth.

  74. E-mail interview with Timothy Draper, August 3, 2015.

  75. Interview with Hernando de Soto, November 27, 2015.


INDEX

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.


Abra, 20, 186–88, 325n

Academic institutions



as players in blockchain ecosystem, 286 role in culture, 246–49

Accenture, 69, 70

Accessibility, 256–57

Accountability, 10, 30, 108–9, 303

in foreign aid, 20–21, 190–91

in government, 23, 199, 202, 207–9, 309

in microfinance, 192

Accounting, 63, 64, 73–79



double-entry, 7, 74, 75, 310

triple-entry, 77, 78–79, 180

World Wide Ledger, 6–8, 75–77, 142

Accounting fraud, 74, 76

AccountingWEB, 74

Adams, Scott, 106

Advocacy networks, 302–3

Agency costs, 107

Agency risk, 60

Agenda, for next digital age, 307–9 Aggregating economy, 17–18, 134–35, 164–65

Agora Voting, 218–19

Agriculture, 138–39, 157–58

Airbnb, 17, 18, 115–17, 134, 135, 270

Allaire, Jeremy, 71–72, 75–76

Allianz, 156

Allied Control, 261

Altcoins, 60, 257

Amazon, 13, 72–73, 118, 122, 123

American Association of Independent Music, 230

American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), 229 Andreessen, Marc, 5, 9, 80, 311

Andreessen Horowitz, 178–79, 284



Andresen, Gavin, 51, 104, 285, 305

implementation challenges, 257, 260, 262, 271–72



Angaritis, Dino Mark, 31–32, 115, 131, 153

Animating objects, 22, 155, 156–61

Anti–money laundering/know your customer (AML/KYC), 42, 44, 302

Antonopoulos, Andreas, 70, 125, 128, 225, 233, 255

design principles, 40, 47–48

digital identity, 15, 264–65

re-architecting the firm, 86, 96, 97, 98, 102

AOL, 255

Apple, 13, 118, 150, 161, 229, 235

Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), 261 Arab Spring, 200

Ariely, Dan, 279

Art (artists), 21, 239–43

buying through bitcoin blockchain, 240–42 ownership rights, 45–49, 132–33

profile of next-gen patron, 242–43 Artificial intelligence (AI), 91, 123, 265, 274 Artist-centric music model, 231–35

Artists and repertoire (A&R), 238–39 Artlery, 239–43

Ascribe, 132–33, 243

Asset ownership, 19–20, 193–95

Asymmetric cryptography, 39–40

Athey, Susan, 111

Attention markets, 140–41



Attestation, in financial services, 56, 57, 58 Auction/dynamic pricing mechanisms, 234 Audits, 6–7, 63, 75–77, 78

Augur, 82, 83, 84–85, 181, 220, 224



Australian outback, power poles, 145, 146–47

Authenticating identity and value, in financial services, 61, 64

Automated Clearing House (ACH), 59, 293 Automated subsidiary rights management, 234



Autonomous agents, 22, 120, 121, 122–25, 126, 321–22n

Autonomous vehicles, 156–57, 165–67


Back, Adam, 34, 41

“Backdoor access,” 244

Background checks, 176

bAirbnb, 115–17

Balanc3, 76, 178

Bandcamp, 235

Bank of Canada, 9, 294, 296

Bank of England, 9, 294

Bankruptcy laws, 174

Banks. See also Central banks; Financial services unbanked and underbanked, 170–72, 175–78

Barclays, 68–69, 75

Barclays Accelerator, 68–69



Barhydt, Bill, 187–88

Beauregard, Steve, 297

Behavioral change, 257

Bengloff, Rich, 230

Benkler, Yochai, 94, 107, 277

new business models, 129–30, 134, 135, 139

Bernanke, Ben, 294

Berners-Lee, Tim, 281



Big Brother, 244, 274–75

Big data, 44, 151, 225

Big Seven, 128–42

Birch, David, 177



Bitcoin, 5–10, 278–79

buying art through blockchain, 240–43 design principles. See Design principles

implementation challenges. See Implementation challenges the players, 283–89



Bitcoin Foundation, 305

Bitcoin Lightning Network, 59, 288


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