Bmsb invasive pest from Asia bmsb invasive pest from Asia

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BMSB invasive pest from Asia.

BMSB invasive pest from Asia.
Many sentinel egg mass studies done, generally reporting low rates of parasitism by native parasitoids.
Potential biocontrol agent parasitoids (family Scelionidae) imported from Asia now in quarantine for non-target testing.

Vegetable crop (soybean)

Vegetable crop (soybean)
Orchard (apple)
Woods near stream (various native and invasive arboreal and herbaceous vegetation)

≤24-hour old eggs laid by colony insects

≤24-hour old eggs laid by colony insects
≤24-hour old eggs laid by colony insects then frozen at -80°C for 2 min.
Screen cages (containing 20 BMSB and 1 bean plant for oviposition)

Provides the host finding cues needed by parasitoids
Cages are less labor intensive/ time consuming than searching for field laid eggs as in Jones et al. (2014)

Fresh and frozen sentinel eggs laid on paper towels by colony insects were pinned to various vegetation at each site and were exposed for 72 hrs.

Fresh and frozen sentinel eggs laid on paper towels by colony insects were pinned to various vegetation at each site and were exposed for 72 hrs.
Cage laid eggs were collected twice weekly.
(~ every 72hrs.)
All egg masses returned to lab and reared out in a growth chamber (16L:8D, 25°C) until either a BMSB nymph or a parasitoid emerged
If nothing emerged, eggs were dissected.
Emerged and dissected parasitoids were sent to Elijah Talamas (USDA ARS SEL) for identification

Frozen egg masses will result in higher rates of successful parasitism than fresh or cage egg masses at all sites, likely due to the lack of immune defenses of the egg.

Frozen egg masses will result in higher rates of successful parasitism than fresh or cage egg masses at all sites, likely due to the lack of immune defenses of the egg.
(we got this idea from Tim Haye of CABI in Switzerland)

Cage laid egg masses should result in higher parasitism than 24-hour colony laid sentinel egg masses, because it provides the parasitoids with host finding cues.

Cage laid egg masses should result in higher parasitism than 24-hour colony laid sentinel egg masses, because it provides the parasitoids with host finding cues.

Inclusion of wooded habitat allowed us to find the exotic Trissolcus japonicus, previously thought to only be found in quarantine in the United States.

Inclusion of wooded habitat allowed us to find the exotic Trissolcus japonicus, previously thought to only be found in quarantine in the United States.
Trissolcus japonicus is the most successful parasitoid to complete development and emerge from live egg masses.

Parasitoid species are habitat specific.

Parasitoid species are habitat specific.

Native parasitoids are only successfully developing and emerging from dead eggs.

Native parasitoids are only successfully developing and emerging from dead eggs.

There is a seasonal pattern to the occurence of parasitoids as a group or as individual species.

There is a seasonal pattern to the occurence of parasitoids as a group or as individual species.

Yes!

Yes!
Overall, frozen egg masses (25%)more likely to yield adult parasitoids versus fresh (7%). (Fisher P1-tail p=0.000126)
Parasitoids more likely to develop to adulthood from frozen (16%), versus fresh (4%) host eggs ( χ²=253 Pearson p<0.0001)
Parasitoids more likely to successfully emerge from frozen (10%), versus fresh host eggs (3%) ( χ²=101.2 Pearson p<0.0001)

Yes!

Yes!

T. japonicus and T. brochymenae found only in the woods.
T. podisi found only in the soybean field and in the cages with bush beans.
Anastatus sp. found only in the orchard.
T. euschisti found in both the woods and the orchard.

Can’t prove this yet, but… 19% of control eggs never emerged.

Can’t prove this yet, but… 19% of control eggs never emerged.
This easily accounts for the 7% of egg masses successfully parasitized by natives.

Expand the geographical range where we place sentinels and cages to define the distribution of T. japonicus.

Expand the geographical range where we place sentinels and cages to define the distribution of T. japonicus.
Improve the cage treatment: Use sleeve cages on existing vegetation in place of bean plants.
Include native beneficial hemipteran egg masses in future sentinel studies (e.g. Podisus maculiventris)

Abby Rosenberg, Nate Erwin, Gabriel York and Emma Thrift for their field work and other help!

Abby Rosenberg, Nate Erwin, Gabriel York and Emma Thrift for their field work and other help!

Download 461 b.

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Bmsb invasive pest from Asia bmsb invasive pest from Asia

BMSB invasive pest from Asia.

BMSB invasive pest from Asia.

Many sentinel egg mass studies done, generally reporting low rates of parasitism by native parasitoids.

Potential biocontrol agent parasitoids (family Scelionidae) imported from Asia now in quarantine for non-target testing.

Vegetable crop (soybean)

Vegetable crop (soybean)

Orchard (apple)

Woods near stream (various native and invasive arboreal and herbaceous vegetation)

≤24-hour old eggs laid by colony insects

≤24-hour old eggs laid by colony insects

≤24-hour old eggs laid by colony insects then frozen at -80°C for 2 min.

Screen cages (containing 20 BMSB and 1 bean plant for oviposition)

Fresh and frozen sentinel eggs laid on paper towels by colony insects were pinned to various vegetation at each site and were exposed for 72 hrs.

Fresh and frozen sentinel eggs laid on paper towels by colony insects were pinned to various vegetation at each site and were exposed for 72 hrs.

Cage laid eggs were collected twice weekly.

(~ every 72hrs.)

All egg masses returned to lab and reared out in a growth chamber (16L:8D, 25°C) until either a BMSB nymph or a parasitoid emerged

If nothing emerged, eggs were dissected.

Emerged and dissected parasitoids were sent to Elijah Talamas (USDA ARS SEL) for identification

Frozen egg masses will result in higher rates of successful parasitism than fresh or cage egg masses at all sites, likely due to the lack of immune defenses of the egg.

Frozen egg masses will result in higher rates of successful parasitism than fresh or cage egg masses at all sites, likely due to the lack of immune defenses of the egg.

(we got this idea from Tim Haye of CABI in Switzerland)

Cage laid egg masses should result in higher parasitism than 24-hour colony laid sentinel egg masses, because it provides the parasitoids with host finding cues.

Cage laid egg masses should result in higher parasitism than 24-hour colony laid sentinel egg masses, because it provides the parasitoids with host finding cues.

Inclusion of wooded habitat allowed us to find the exotic Trissolcus japonicus, previously thought to only be found in quarantine in the United States.

Inclusion of wooded habitat allowed us to find the exotic Trissolcus japonicus, previously thought to only be found in quarantine in the United States.

Trissolcus japonicus is the most successful parasitoid to complete development and emerge from live egg masses.

Parasitoid species are habitat specific.

Parasitoid species are habitat specific.

Native parasitoids are only successfully developing and emerging from dead eggs.

Native parasitoids are only successfully developing and emerging from dead eggs.

There is a seasonal pattern to the occurence of parasitoids as a group or as individual species.

There is a seasonal pattern to the occurence of parasitoids as a group or as individual species.

Yes!

Yes!

Overall, frozen egg masses (25%)more likely to yield adult parasitoids versus fresh (7%). (Fisher P1-tail p=0.000126)

Parasitoids more likely to develop to adulthood from frozen (16%), versus fresh (4%) host eggs ( χ²=253 Pearson p<0.0001)

Parasitoids more likely to successfully emerge from frozen (10%), versus fresh host eggs (3%) ( χ²=101.2 Pearson p<0.0001)

Yes!

Yes!

Can’t prove this yet, but… 19% of control eggs never emerged.

Can’t prove this yet, but… 19% of control eggs never emerged.

This easily accounts for the 7% of egg masses successfully parasitized by natives.

Expand the geographical range where we place sentinels and cages to define the distribution of T. japonicus.

Expand the geographical range where we place sentinels and cages to define the distribution of T. japonicus.

Improve the cage treatment: Use sleeve cages on existing vegetation in place of bean plants.

Include native beneficial hemipteran egg masses in future sentinel studies (e.g. Podisus maculiventris)

Abby Rosenberg, Nate Erwin, Gabriel York and Emma Thrift for their field work and other help!

Abby Rosenberg, Nate Erwin, Gabriel York and Emma Thrift for their field work and other help!