Book —information, ideas, images, and storage and distribution of knowledge, socio-political, scientific, aesthetic look many times, by means of the formation of your country; knowledge of the propaganda and weapons training

Book —information, ideas, images, and storage and distribution of knowledge, socio-political, scientific, aesthetic look many times, by means of the formation of your country; knowledge of the propaganda and weapons training; artistic, scientific works, literature, social. International statistics on the recommendation of unesco in volume not less than 48 pages, sewn taboqlab nodavriy edition, conventionally, K.-called adopted.
To create the work of k. k., training, distribution, storage, and includes a description associated with the study of a large process. Science, literature, works of art, printing and reproduction in choose them to approach scientific and artistic context, editing, artistic finishing, printing, preparation and execution of the publisher of the publication, the set function. K. many production — click the book of job in the printing industry is conducted. K. s collection, storage, to make propaganda among pupils, to create favorable conditions for the readers to use them does not look to the work of the library (see Library, let kutubxonashunos). K. works with a certain purpose and to give information to students and other printed about them is a library function h to the campaign.k.
K.'s intertwined with the history of formation and formation process of the creation of writing. Writing to'zilishi features characters (the system of the order of their location), writing materials and weapons of the other side and also to a certain extent specific K. the structure was identified. Also. Egypt, rome, greece and central asia, those stones, palm tree leaves, those who share the idea of writing and other ceramic materials. Each of the plates prepared from such materials consists of dozens of K. if the weight of a few kg. Papirus plant as a writing material will be used (in a 4-3 millennia bc) k. s packaging do not appear. K. o'zunligi average is around 10 m of s such a thin, rounded stick or a wooden case with a leather wrapped and stored in a special. The countries of the east, it is the roman and the greeks today, many works have been rare papirus. Ii century bc came to K. as a material parchment (the skin)the wide spread use. K. originally stored without packaging, such. Some information, rather than in central asia, in particular, in architecture 1 mo-thousand religions which came into being in the 1st half of the year zardo'shtiylik from the holy books it's good. also a copy to the skin mole is 12 thousand black was lit. Up to the invasion of the arabs in central asia (8-10 centuries) there are many rare k. s stored in a library. But many of them were lost as a result of the war of aggression sent. 2-4-the start of the century it is from. K. now the same as the flyers buklab of the world in rome, prepared and attached to each other made the cover k. s — code appears. They originally papirus, then written on parchment. K. s was such a besunaqay and heavy. 6-the start of the century based on the code from the current form, see amir k. s appear. K. s one from the skin to the unique work — April-kur'on usmon is in danger. The qur 'an remember for years to 644-656 this copy of Usmon guidelines muhammed (sav)of the secretary of Kosi ibn Fixed, and was written by ibn amir ibn alO's Hishom Hakimlar kufiy letter. Amir temur samarkand by k. was brought to the manuscripts. 353 total sheet size 68x53x22 cm. Are stored in the library of the administration of muslims of uzbekistan.
K. opened a new era in the history of paper be discovered. Some information, rather than 650 years in samarkand paper K. s. 13 writing in europe from the century has become the main material of paper. K.'s paper opened a new opportunity to increase and spread. K. to decorate special importance were given. Various miniature to his page, to trim the margins began to work. Gradually the scribes (kalligrafiya), muqovasozlik occupations like separated. Especially, the art has evolved widely in central asia in the middle ages, scribes. Many descendants of the scribes popular K. the method of preparation — materials, ink, letter went on to develop the technique of removal of members.

10-12 century, formed as a sphere in 14-15 century art kitobat mohammed certain progress to the new stage will increase. Ranging from cover to k. each paper, to siyoxdan of buyok-yu zarhal until certain norms in substance, prepared on the basis of the plan and the rules, the fragrant smell from the ink to k. so sometimes even the gulob or the boy may stand anqib, was added. Elegant husnixat manuscripts, zarafshan (gold under water), were decorated with elegant ornaments with juicy buyok art work to frame. Many talented 15-16 century, the scribes, healthy, and lavvoh saxdoflar (Osce Khwarizmi, Sultonali Exercise, Sultonali Xandon, enter the qilqalam and others) had reached. Hirot mentorship to the scribes, who make a huge contribution to the prosperity of the scribes from art kitobat xushnavis Sultonali Mashhadiy was. After nizami it His, as well as Navoi, Hussein gained fame Boyqaro a copy of the works of others. Moved by K. come Sultonali more than 50 of our period. At the office of the timurid rulers, in particular, Samarkand, hirot special library was established in the palace. Manuscripts in the libraries of the middle ages such specific s k. k. together with the collection and storage of crafts directory that are linked together with a lot of practical work has been completed. The head of the palace library, such as "the library dorugasi" or "the book appealing" was called. Many scribes xushnavis under their hands, naqqosh-are healthy, lavvoh, k. sahhoflar to create doyr have different tasks. Mas, hirot in the 1st half of the century in 15 ulugbek's many manuscripts of scribes and download copies from the library works naqqosh 40 boysunqur brother and decorate them employed. Every manuscripts from the hands of a few specialists K. was. Ja'far years 1425-29 Rich-abulqosim firdavsiy by popular sunquriy "Shohnoma" in the download of the game, is decorated with miniature rangdor 20 different content. This unique art works are kept in the museum as k. tehran. The library also has its own period of alisher navoi and the palace hussein Boyqaro are popular. Navoi made a great contribution to the development of the art of artistic manuscripts. With the assistance of his direct Started Sultonali Mashhadiy, loamy masters like King K. muzaffar as follows dozens of trains. The style and traditions of these masters kalligrafiya in the next year was the basis of art. In turkistan by way of preparation time o'zoq K. the scribes continued. Even after being discovered by clicking k., k. s was increased by way of the initial manuscripts in time.

A way to increase the mass of copies of k. as a result of the research in ksilografiya appear. 15-Iogann K. k. to be invented by gutenberg in germany at the age of 40, opened a new era in the development of clicking. K. clicking the technique of gradually improved, and also began to spread in other countries (see Book clicking, printing house).
The print method with K. production in turkestan in central asia to russia, adding after taking spread. 1868 In The headquarters of the turkestan military district of the printing house was established. Of Russian scientists who published this print and tourists n. a. seversov "chu, and the sheet on the ridge of the mountain on the slopes of English land" (in Russian) k. the first printing book is in the country. First printed in English printed in the year of 1871 k. shohimardon ibrohimov khiva "Calendar"idir. Lithographs are also in other cities of the country after another, one by one "khamsa" private was founded. Otajon Bo'lardan Abdalov (khiva) in the clot Semyon (Tashkent), Hasan G'ulom Orifjonov (In) litografiyalari popular. This print literary, philosophical, religious, historical works, and was out of textbooks.
During the soviet regime after the October revolution work somewhat evolved clicking K. k. a mass was given great importance to the work of creating the world. But k. ha, like other media, was looked at as powerful ideological weapon of the cpsu and the soviet government. So many titles for this purpose and copies marksizm-leninizm works, social, political, artistic, scientific, K. published. At the same time, in 20-30 years in uzbekistan that had been preserved for centuries k. s manuscripts, especially religious, historical content of k. s later begins to destroy the works of the writer of uzbekistan who have undergone katag'onga: was burning with fire, was thrown into the water.
In recent years the subject of k. istiqloldan products-the drastic change in contents. Historical, religious national values relate to the k. s edition were given special importance. Two of the English translation of the qur'an have been published (1991, "Cho'lpon" in publishing; 2001, tashkent islamic un-oldest and largest publishing). Imam al-bukhari-volume 4 "Hadis"s will (1991-96 years, chief editorial Komuslar), Amir Temur related to the topic of dozens of K. are issued. Alisher navoi 20-volume complete works (1998 — 2002), uzbekistan academy of sciences "Science" publishing house) published. In publishing various Farobi, Biruni, ibn sina, Najmiddin kubro, Mahmoud az-Lingual, Ulugbek, Yassaviy, Abdulla Kadiri, Cho'lpon, Munavvarqori, Fitrat, usmon nosir and others, the works of-volume 33 "Memory" k. I was out. "Uzbekistan" of the president of the republic of uzbekistan 10 volume set published in publishing works (1997-2002). Come out of the masses of the available publishing talabehtiyojlaridan artistic, scientific, popular, type K. s edition textbooks and other people are taking. K. art and also of the world to the extent that meet the requirements of the world standards of the execution of the printing received growing (again, see Publishing). of the world and its types. Now the students according to the requirements of a particular aesthetic tastes and k. s shape. K. separate page, and the middle is made from the cover. Cover page for k. with attached part is called forza. In some cases the trim and the cover as a cover to keep them (superoblojka) kiygiziladi. Sarvaraq K.'s head in the part list (page title) is. The author ismsharifi K.'s name, place published, year, name, publishing and other writing. Sarvaraq can be qo'sh on the page; in this case it's k. 2-(alternative sarvaraq) and 3-will occupy a page. K. l's some information Sarvaraq-page — peshvarak, (avantitul)also can be written. Sarvaraqning a book mark is put back to the page. In some cases in place sarvaraq sarrasm (frontispis) is. Karab to the content of the text, the title is put at K. in a different way. In some cases, is given on a separate page with the title of major. Such zarvaraq page (shmutstitul) is called. Ruknsarlavha k.'s (kolontitul) and ruknraqam (kolonsifr)s use of the work easier. Also, the K. at the table of contents, introduction, upon arrival, annotatsiya, apps, reviews, several indicators, a list of bibliographic can also be. Publication is determined by the size of his physique k. page (see 7-bok).
K. s students how to the public for the time, depending on the type of purpose and theme that is allocated. The students, according to k. s mass, may be the book for professionals and children. Target, according to the official, scientific, ilmiyommabop, educational, literary and other references are divided into K. the same. K. scientific monographs common in the world. K. s educational textbook, study guide, and other teaching is to distinguish the type of. While references to the dictionary, the encyclopedia, calendar, qabi road is to be indicators