British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
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- § 6. Northern Ireland in the 1980-90s
University of Belfast, so called because it was originally one of three
colleges founded by Queen Victoria under an 1845 Act of Parliament. The beautiful main buildings were designed by Sir Charles Lanyon and were opened in 1849. Since that time, many other fine buildings have been added and the pace of expansion is still rapid. § 6. Northern Ireland in the 1980-90s ; 1. What happened in the ; At the beginning of the eighties, IRA : Maze prison? : gunmen were still killing Ulster Protestants • and British soldiers, serving with the NATO armv in Germany. In 1979 they murdered Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten and members of his family at their holiday home in Eire. Lord Mountbatten was an uncle of the Duke of Edinburgh. For years there had been bitter discontent in the Maze prison outside Additional Reading 66 Belfast, where suspected terrorists were held. The IRA prisoners demanded to be treated as political prisoners, and when their demand was refused, they threw off their pnson clothes and went about wrapped in blankets. They also 'painted' the walls of their cells with their own filth. When that failed, some of them went on hunger strike. By the middle of 1981, ten Maze hunger-strikers had died. These deaths had a profound effect on people all over the world. Irish Americans demon- strated in the USA. The British were called murderers. In Northern Ireland, the s\Tnpathy of Catholics towards the IRA grew stronger, and when a hunger-striker put himself forward as a candidate in a by-election he won. He died very soon afterwards. In the 1980s the political wing of the IRA, Sinn Fern (pronounced 'shin fayan'), began to participate in elections, receiving one third of the National- ist vote. Although G e m Adams, Sinn Fein's leader, was elected to the West- minster Parliament, he refused to take his seat. But it was clear that the lack of any apparent political progress by Westminster made Sinn Fein more popular with the Catholic community. ; 2. What prompted the j Fear of growing support for Sinn Fein : Anglo-Irish Agreement : and frustration with' the refusal of the Union- • of 198?? • ists to allow power sharing or any compro- mise with the Catholic community persuaded the British government to negotiate an Anglo-Irish Agreement with Dublin in 1985. By this stage Dublin's sviupathy for the Nationalists was mixed with a dislike of the IRA and a fear of any attempt to bring Protestant Ulster into the Republic unwillingly. Dublin reluctantly accepted the need for Brit- ish troops to keep order in Ulster. The Anglo-Irish Agreement allowed Dublin a consultative role in the government of Ulster, and also recognised that to some extent Dublin repre- sented the Catholics of Ulster. The crucial clause read: 'If in the future a majority of the people of Northern Ireland clearly wish for and formally consent to the establishment of a united Ireland, they [the London and Dub- lin governments] will introduce and support in the respective parliaments legislation to give effect to that wish.' This weakened the IRA/Sinn Fein position which argued for immediate withdrawal of British troops and unifi- cation with the south. But it was also intended to weaken the position of the Protestant Unionists, warning them that Dublin and London would work together in spite of Unionist fears. 67 In practice relations between London and Dublin have proved less happv. Dublin has repeatedly criticised British security forces' practices, in Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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