British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
§ 2. Welsh Cultural Nationalism
; 1. What are the symbols '; Where Scottish nationalism has been : of Welsh identity? : mainly a political movement, Welsh national- : ; • ism has been expressed primarily in cultural terms. The national flag, with its fine dragon, is regularly displayed, the Welsh national anthem played and sung. The language, eisteddfodau, and in the 1960s and 1970s the dominance of the Welsh in international rugby football were the symbols of Welsh identity and pride. The Welsh are very proud of their ancient ancestry and of their lan- 4 1 guage. They do not forget that they were Christians with a literature of their own when the Anglo-Saxons were heathens and little better than savages. ; 2. Why are the Welsh ; In ancient times Welsh poets, or bards, : proud of their language? : wandered from one castle or village to ano-' ther singing their poems. The great age of the bards was the 12 th century. Prose romances were composed in Wales at the same time as in France and England. The finest romance collection in Welsh is the Mabinogion. Some of these back to very- ancient folklore. Others are translated from French. Curiously enough, the legends of Arthur, most famous of Welsh heroes, were all taken from English and French sources. The Welsh lan guage is well adapted to literary purposes. It never lost its mdividuality but has gone on developing through the ages. • 3. Since what time has ; At the 1981 census 19 per cent of the : there been increased in- : whole population claimed that they, could • terest in Welsh? • speak Welsh, as compared with 29 per cent in 19 51. In the past thi rty years there has been a serious attempt to revive the language. The Welsh Language Act of 1967 said that all official documents should be in both languages, and most road signs are printed in English and Welsh. Since the 1960s there has been in creased interest in Welsh. At secondary schools almost 50 per cent of all pupils learn Welsh as a first or second language. All over Wales children in the counties' schools are required to spend some time learning Welsh, though many of them do not remember much be yond the correct pronunciation of place names like Troedyrhiw and Cwmrhydyceirw. Any one can claim a right to speak Welsh in a court of law, or to use it in academic examinations. Many official jobs are reserved for people wtio have at least some ability to speak Welsh. Since 1982 there has also been an independent fourth TV channel broadcasting mainly in Welsh. Such efforts have slowed the decline but are unlikely to prevent it, since they promote Welsh as an academic language, known by many but only used by a few. Welsh remains a functional language among 500.000 people in north west and mid-Wales, but could almost disappear from daily use by 2010. 42 , ,, л jU ,. • • Welsh as a Celtic language belongs to a 4. What are the peculiar- • ; Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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