Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute Department of Exact Sciences 2-1 MI21 group student Mirzayev Sardorbek's slide prepared on the subject of English language Theme: Bukhara is the pearl of the East - Bukhara citadel of Ark obtained its modern appearance in the period of the Man -ghit dynasty (1747 -1920). Ark was the center of Bukhara statehood. There was a palace of Bukhara amir, mosques, exchequer, governmental administration and prison. Its grand entrance fronted the Registan Square. The massive gates were reinforced with two towers connected by the gallery above. In the past a lash was hanged above the gate symbolizing the power of amir. Arc suffered much in 1920 when Red Army conducted shell attack and bombed the city. Since 1945, the Bukhara State Architectural Art Museum-Preserve has been situated in the Ark citadel.
Bolo-Hauz mosque In the past Registan Square was occupied by numerous beautiful buildings. Today there is only monument of medieval Bukhara the Bolo-Hauz Ensemble. It is a classic sample of Central Asian mosque: the winter building of 1712, summer aivan of the early 20 th century with ornamented ceiling and wooden columns, small minaret constructed in 1917 by usto Shirin and small basin. The brightest feature of mosque is decor of aivan which columns are made from two trunks each and have - Bolo-Hauz mosque In the past Registan Square was occupied by numerous beautiful buildings. Today there is only monument of medieval Bukhara the Bolo-Hauz Ensemble. It is a classic sample of Central Asian mosque: the winter building of 1712, summer aivan of the early 20 th century with ornamented ceiling and wooden columns, small minaret constructed in 1917 by usto Shirin and small basin. The brightest feature of mosque is decor of aivan which columns are made from two trunks each and have
- Balyand mosque Balyand ("High") Mosque is a small mosque in the rich Bukhara quarter. Its age is more than 500 years. G-shaped column aivan surrounds rectangular winter part of mosque. It served a summer mosque.
• Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrafon, Toki-Tilpak-Furushon shopping mall in Bukhara Historical monuments of Bukhara • Medieval Bukhara was a big business city receiving merchants from Central Asia, Iran and India, Russia and China. The trading status of Bukhara influenced its planning and architecture. Central streets played a roleof markets, each of which specialized in some products. So, domed and multiarched buildings were constructed on the squares and crossroads to make sale more comfortable. They were named "tok"-arch, dome. Three such structures survive to this day. These are Toki-Zargaron (dome of jewelers), Toki-Sarrafon (dome of moneychangers) and Toki-Tilpak-Furushon (dome of headwear sellers). These domes-"Toks" of the 15 th-16 th centuries blocked crossroads. They directed traffic, unloading arterial road and organizing trade. Shops and workshops were located inside on perimeter. Architecturally and functionally Tim of Abdullakhan belongs to "Toks". This is large multi-dome mall for silk sale. In the center of Tim there is a big area for sale. Dome gallery with fifty six shops is going on its perimeter - • Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrafon, Toki-Tilpak-Furushon shopping mall in Bukhara Historical monuments of Bukhara • Medieval Bukhara was a big business city receiving merchants from Central Asia, Iran and India, Russia and China. The trading status of Bukhara influenced its planning and architecture. Central streets played a roleof markets, each of which specialized in some products. So, domed and multiarched buildings were constructed on the squares and crossroads to make sale more comfortable. They were named "tok"-arch, dome. Three such structures survive to this day. These are Toki-Zargaron (dome of jewelers), Toki-Sarrafon (dome of moneychangers) and Toki-Tilpak-Furushon (dome of headwear sellers). These domes-"Toks" of the 15 th-16 th centuries blocked crossroads. They directed traffic, unloading arterial road and organizing trade. Shops and workshops were located inside on perimeter. Architecturally and functionally Tim of Abdullakhan belongs to "Toks". This is large multi-dome mall for silk sale. In the center of Tim there is a big area for sale. Dome gallery with fifty six shops is going on its perimeter
Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace (late 19 th c. - early 20 th cc. ) Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace was a country residence of Bukhara amirs. It had been under construction for two decades at the end of the 19 th - early 20 th centuries. Construction works at the old palace started at amir Abdullahadkhan (died in 1910). He sent Bukhara masters to Petersburg and Yalta to study Russian architecture. Using Russian experience, local architects with usto Khodja Hafiz at the head built a rich building that had combined local Bukhara and European traditions. Its throne hall for royal receptions made a - Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace (late 19 th c. - early 20 th cc. ) Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace was a country residence of Bukhara amirs. It had been under construction for two decades at the end of the 19 th - early 20 th centuries. Construction works at the old palace started at amir Abdullahadkhan (died in 1910). He sent Bukhara masters to Petersburg and Yalta to study Russian architecture. Using Russian experience, local architects with usto Khodja Hafiz at the head built a rich building that had combined local Bukhara and European traditions. Its throne hall for royal receptions made a
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