Bulutli hisoblash


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Bog'liq
Bulutli xisoblashni jahon iqtisodiyotidagi o

Katta ma'lumotlar buluti
Ma'lumotlar bulutda bo'lganidan keyin katta hajmdagi ma'lumotlarni bulutga o'tkazish va ma'lumotlar xavfsizligi masalalari dastlab bulutni qabul qilishga to'sqinlik qildi katta ma'lumotlar, ammo endi bu juda ko'p ma'lumotlar bulutdan kelib chiqadi va yalang'och metall serverlar paydo bo'lishi bilan bulutga aylandi[118] a biznes tahlil va geografik tahlilni o'z ichiga olgan foydalanish holatlarini hal qilish.[119]
HPC buluti
HPC cloud-dan foydalanishni anglatadi bulutli hisoblash bajarish uchun xizmatlar va infratuzilma yuqori samarali hisoblash (HPC) dasturlari.[120] ushbu dasturlar hisoblash kuchi va xotira muhim miqdorda iste'mol va an'anaviy tarzda amalga oshiriladi klasterlar kompyuterlar. 2016 yilda bir nechta kompaniyalar, shu jumladan R-HPC, Amazon veb-xizmatlari, univa, Silicon Graphics International, Sabalcore, Gomput va Pingvin hisoblash yuqori samarali hisoblash bulutini taklif qildi. Talab bo'yicha pingvin (POD) buluti ish haqida ma'lumot asosida taqdim etilgan birinchi virtualizatsiya qilinmagan masofaviy HPC xizmatlaridan biri edi.[122] [121] pingvin hisoblash uning HPC bulut boshlangan 2016 Amazon EC2 elastik hisoblash bulut muqobil sifatida, qaysi virtual hisoblash tugunlari foydalanadi.[123][124]
Arxitektura

Bulutli hisoblash namunalari arxitekturasi
Bulutli arxitektura, [125] The tizimlar arxitekturasi ning dasturiy ta'minot tizimlari etkazib berishda ishtirok etadi bulutli hisoblash, odatda bir nechta bulut komponentlarini o'z ichiga oladi muloqot qilish bir-biri bilan bo'shashgan ulanish mexanizmi orqali xabar almashish navbati kabi. Elastik ta'minot bu va boshqalar kabi mexanizmlarga nisbatan qattiq yoki bo'shashgan muftadan foydalanishda aqlni nazarda tutadi.
Bulutli muhandislik
Bulutli muhandislik ning qo'llanilishi muhandislik fanlari bulutli hisoblash uchun. Bulutli hisoblash tizimlarini tasavvur qilish, rivojlantirish, ishlatish va saqlashda tijoratlashtirish, standartlashtirish va boshqaruvning yuqori darajadagi muammolariga tizimli yondashuvni keltirib chiqaradi. Tizimlar, dasturiy ta'minot, veb, ishlash, axborot texnologiyalari, xavfsizlik, platforma, xavfsizlik va sifat kabi turli sohalardagi hissalarni o'z ichiga olgan multidisipliner usuldir.
Xavfsizlik va maxfiylik
Bulutli hisoblash maxfiylik bilan bog'liq muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi, chunki xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayder istalgan vaqtda bulutdagi ma'lumotlarga kirishi mumkin. U tasodifan yoki ataylab ma'lumotni o'zgartirishi yoki o'chirishi mumkin.[126] ko'pgina bulut provayderlari, agar kerak bo'lsa, qonun va tartib uchun ordersiz uchinchi shaxslar bilan ma'lumot almashishlari mumkin. Bunga ularning maxfiylik siyosatida ruxsat berilgan, foydalanuvchilar bulutli xizmatlardan foydalanishni boshlashdan oldin rozi bo'lishlari kerak. Maxfiylik echimlari siyosat va qonunchilikni hamda oxirgi foydalanuvchilarning ma'lumotlarni qanday saqlash bo'yicha tanlovlarini o'z ichiga oladi.[126] foydalanuvchilar ruxsatsiz kirishni oldini olish uchun bulut ichida qayta ishlangan yoki saqlanadigan ma'lumotlarni shifrlashlari mumkin.[127][126] shaxsiyani boshqarish tizimlari shuningdek, bulutli hisoblashda maxfiylik muammolariga amaliy echimlarni taqdim etishi mumkin. Ushbu tizimlar vakolatli va ruxsatsiz foydalanuvchilarni ajratib turadi va har bir tashkilot uchun mavjud bo'lgan ma'lumotlar miqdorini aniqlaydi.[128] tizimlar identifikatorlarni yaratish va tavsiflash, faoliyatni qayd etish va foydalanilmagan identifikatorlardan xalos bo'lish orqali ishlaydi.
29%, 25% va mos ravishda barcha bulut xavfsizlik uzilishlar 10% ini—bulut xavfsizlik Ittifoq ko'ra, bulut eng yaxshi uch tahdidlar xavfli interfeyslarni va API, ma'lumotlar halok & Oqish va apparat etishmovchiligi bor. Birgalikda, bu shakl texnologiya zaifliklarini o'rtoqlashdi. Turli foydalanuvchilar tomonidan baham ko'riladigan bulutli provayder platformasida turli mijozlarga tegishli ma'lumotlar bir xil ma'lumotlar serverida yashash ehtimoli bo'lishi mumkin. Qo'shimcha ravishda, Eugene Schultz, emagined xavfsizlik bosh texnologiya xodimi, hackerlar bulut kirib yo'llarini izlab katta vaqt va harakat sarf etiladi, deb aytdi. "Bulut infratuzilmasida haqiqiy Axillesning to'piqlari bor, ular yomon odamlarga kirish uchun katta teshiklar yaratmoqda". Yuzlab yoki minglab kompaniyalarning ma'lumotlari katta bulutli serverlarda saqlanishi mumkinligi sababli, xakerlar nazariy jihatdan bitta hujum orqali ulkan ma'lumot do'konlarini nazorat qilishlari mumkin—bu jarayonni u "giperjacking"deb atagan. Bu ba'zi bir misollar Dropbox xavfsizlik buzilishi va iCloud 2014 oqish o'z ichiga oladi.[129] Dropbox oktyabr oyida buzilgan edi 2014, ustidan ega 7 Bitcoins tomonidan undan pul qiymatini olish maqsadida hackerlar tomonidan o'g'irlangan uning foydalanuvchilar parollar million (BTC). Ushbu parollarga ega bo'lish orqali ular o'qish imkoniyatiga ega shaxsiy ma'lumotlar shuningdek, ushbu ma'lumotlar qidiruv tizimlari tomonidan indekslanadi (ma'lumotni ommaga oshkor qiladi).[129]
Ma'lumotlarga qonuniy egalik qilish muammosi mavjud (agar foydalanuvchi ba'zi ma'lumotlarni bulutda saqlasa, bulut provayderi undan foyda ko'rishi mumkinmi?). Xizmat ko'rsatish shartlarining ko'plab shartnomalari egalik masalasida jim turadi.[130] kompyuter uskunalarini jismoniy boshqarish (xususiy bulut) uskunani saytdan tashqarida va boshqa birovning nazorati ostida bo'lishdan ko'ra xavfsizroq (ommaviy bulut). Bu ommaviy bulutli hisoblash xizmatlarini etkazib beruvchilarga xavfsiz xizmatlarni qurish va kuchli boshqarishni birinchi o'ringa qo'yish uchun katta turtki beradi.[131] tajribaga ega bo'lmagan ba'zi kichik korxonalarIT xavfsizligi ular uchun umumiy bulutdan foydalanish xavfsizroq ekanligini aniqlashi mumkin. Oxirgi foydalanuvchilar bulutli xizmatga kirishda yuzaga keladigan muammolarni tushunmaslik xavfi mavjud (odamlar ba'zan xizmat ko'rsatish shartnomasi shartlarining ko'p sahifalarini o'qimaydilar va o'qimasdan "qabul qilish" tugmasini bosing). Bulutli hisoblash mashhur bo'lib, ba'zi xizmatlarning ishlashi uchun, masalan, aqlli shaxsiy yordamchi (Apple Siri yoki Google hozir) uchun juda muhimdir. Asosan, xususiy bulut egasi uchun yuqori darajadagi nazorat bilan xavfsizroq hisoblanadi, ammo ommaviy bulut yanada moslashuvchan bo'lib ko'rinadi va foydalanuvchidan kamroq vaqt va pul mablag'larini talab qiladi.[132]
Cheklovlar va kamchiliklar
Ga binoan Bryus Shnayer, " salbiy siz xususiylashtirish imkoniyatlari cheklangan bo'ladi, deb. Bulutli hisoblash miqyosi tejamkorligi sababli arzonroq va har qanday autsorsing vazifasi singari siz xohlagan narsangizga erishasiz. Cheklangan menyuga ega restoran siz xohlagan narsani pishiradigan shaxsiy oshpazga qaraganda arzonroq. Ancha arzon narxda kamroq variantlar: bu xato emas, balki xususiyat."Shuningdek, u" bulut provayderi sizning qonuniy ehtiyojlaringizni qondira olmaydi " va korxonalar bulutli hisoblashning xavf-xatarlarga qarshi foydasini o'lchashlari kerakligini taklif qiladi.[133] bulutli hisoblashda orqa infratuzilmani boshqarish faqat bulut sotuvchisi bilan cheklangan. Bulutli provayderlar ko'pincha boshqaruv siyosati to'g'risida qaror qabul qilishadi, bu esa bulut foydalanuvchilari o'zlarining joylashuvi bilan nima qila olishlarini tartibga soladi.[134] bulutli foydalanuvchilar o'zlarining ilovalari, ma'lumotlari va xizmatlarini boshqarish va boshqarish bilan cheklangan.[135] bunga quyidagilar kiradi ma'lumotlar chegaralari, bulut sotuvchisi tomonidan har bir mijoz uchun ma'lum miqdordagi tarmoqli kengligi ajratadigan bulut foydalanuvchilariga joylashtiriladi va ko'pincha boshqa bulut foydalanuvchilari orasida taqsimlanadi.[135]
Maxfiylik va maxfiylik ba'zi tadbirlarda katta tashvish. Misol uchun, NDA shartlari asosida ishlaydigan qasamyod qilingan tarjimonlar muammolarga duch kelishi mumkin nozik ma'lumotlar bunda emas shifrlangan.[136]
Bulutli hisoblash ko'plab korxonalar uchun foydalidir; bu xarajatlarni pasaytiradi va ularga IT va infratuzilma masalalariga emas, balki vakolatlarga e'tibor berishga imkon beradi. Shunga qaramay, bulutli hisoblash ba'zi cheklovlar va kamchiliklarga ega ekanligini isbotladi, ayniqsa kichik biznes operatsiyalari uchun, ayniqsa xavfsizlik va ishlamay qolish bilan bog'liq. Texnik uzilishlar muqarrar va ba'zan bulutli xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayderlar (CSP) o'z mijozlariga xizmat ko'rsatish jarayonida to'lib - toshganida sodir bo'ladi. Bu biznesni vaqtincha to'xtatib turishga olib kelishi mumkin. Ushbu texnologiya tizimlari internetga tayanganligi sababli, shaxs uzilish paytida bulutdan o'z ilovalari, serverlari yoki ma'lumotlariga kira olmaydi.[137] biroq, ko'plab yirik korxonalar o'zlarining ish joylariga turli xil kirish punktlaridan foydalangan holda kamida ikkita internet-provayderni qo'llab-quvvatlaydilar, ba'zilari hatto 4G-dan uchinchi zaxira sifatida foydalanadilar.
Rivojlanayotgan tendentsiyalar
Bulutli hisoblash hali ham tadqiqot mavzusi.[138] bulutli hisoblash evolyutsiyasining harakatlantiruvchi omili ichki uzilishlar xavfini minimallashtirish va uy-joy tarmog'i va ichki hisoblash texnikasining murakkabligini yumshatishga intilayotgan bosh texnologiya xodimlari bo'ldi.[139] bulut texnologiyalari bo'yicha yirik kompaniyalar yiliga milliardlab dollar sarmoya kiritadilar bulut Tadqiqot va raqobat. Misol uchun, 2011-yilda Microsoft o'zining 90 milliard dollarlik Ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlari byudjetining 9,6 foizini o'z bulutiga topshirdi.[140] investitsiya banki tomonidan tadqiqot Centaur hamkorlar kech 2015 SaaS daromad dan o'sadi, deb prognoz $ 13.5 milliard 2011 uchun $32.8 milliard 2016.[141]
Bulutdagi raqamli sud ekspertizasi
Bulutli saqlash qurilmalariga jismonan kirish mumkin bo'lmagan tekshiruvlarni o'tkazish masalasi raqamli dalillarni joylashtirish va to'plash usulida bir qator o'zgarishlarni keltirib chiqardi.[142] to'plamni rasmiylashtirish uchun yangi jarayon modellari ishlab chiqildi.[143]
Ba'zi stsenariylarda mavjud raqamli sud ekspertizasi bulutli xotiraga tarmoq disklari sifatida kirish uchun vositalardan foydalanish mumkin (garchi bu juda ko'p miqdordagi Internet-trafikni yaratadigan sekin jarayon bo'lsa ham).[iqtibos kerak ]
Muqobil yondashuv bulutning o'zida ishlaydigan vositani joylashtirishdir.[144]
Office 365-dan 'E5' obunasi bilan foydalanadigan tashkilotlar uchun Microsoft-ning o'rnatilgan ediscovery resurslaridan foydalanish imkoniyati mavjud, ammo ular odatda sud-tibbiyot jarayoni uchun zarur bo'lgan barcha funktsiyalarni ta'minlamaydi.[145]
Shuningdek qarang

  • Turkum: bulutli hisoblash provayderlari

  • Turkum: bulutli platformalar

  • Bulutli hamkorlik

  • Bulutli hisoblash xavfsizligi

  • Bulutli hisoblashni taqqoslash

  • Bulutlarni boshqarish

  • Bulutli tadqiqotlar

  • Bulutli robototexnika

  • Bulutli saqlash

  • Bulut

  • Shudringni hisoblash

  • Edge hisoblash

  • elektron fan

  • Tumanni hisoblash

  • Tuman robototexnika

  • Mikroservislar

  • Mobil bulutli hisoblash

  • Shaxsiy bulut

  • Robot xizmat sifatida

  • Xizmatga yo'naltirilgan arxitektura

  • Vaqtni taqsimlash

  • Hamma joyda hisoblash

  • Veb hisoblash

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