Buxoro davlat universiteti xorijiy tillar fakulteti ingliz adabiyotshunosligi kafedrasi

particular mechanical arts in depth before writing about them. Diderot (dənē´ 
dēdərō) was French encyclopedist, philosopher of materialism, and critic of art and 
literature, b. Langres. He was also a novelist, satirist, and dramatist. Diderot was 
enormously influential in shaping the rationalistic spirit of the 18th cent. Educated 
by the Jesuits, he rejected a career in law to pursue his own studies and writing. In 
1745 he became editor of the Encyclopédie, enlisting nearly all the important French 
writers of the Enlightenment; they produced the most remarkable compendium up 
to that time. 
Theme 5 : Romanticism in the world literature 
 
"Romanticism," as a term, derives from "romance," which from the Medieval Period 
(1200-1500) and on simply meant a story (e.g. all the chivalric, King Arthur legends) 
that was adventuristic and improbable. "Romances" are distinguished from 
"novels," which emphasize the mundane and realistic.
The "Romantic Period" refers to literary and cultural movements in England, 
Europe, and America roughly from 1770 to 1860. Romantic writers (and artists) 
saw themselves as revolting against the "Age of Reason" (1700-1770) and its values.
They celebrated imagination/intuition versus reason/calculation, spontaneity versus 
control, subjectivity and metaphysical musing versus objective fact, revolutionary 
energy versus tradition, individualism versus social conformity, democracy versus 
monarchy, and so on. The movement begins in Germany with the publication of 

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Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther (about a love-sick, alienated artist type, too 
sensitive to live, who kills himself; after it was published a number of young men 
committed suicide in imitation!) and the emergence of various Idealist philosophers 
(who believed mental processes are the ultimately reality, as opposed to 
Materialists). The movement then goes to England (Blake, Coleridge, Wordsworth, 
Shelley, Byron, and Keats), until about 1830 (upon which the Victorian Age begins). 
Very generally, we also distinguish "Romantic" from "Classical" values and types 
of expression, without referring to any particular time period. Thus, you can come 
up with a list of atemporal oppositions:
ROMANTIC NON-ROMANTIC/CLASSICAL 
Emotional Reasonable and Practical
Individualistic Public Responsibility
Revolutionary Conservative
Loves Solitude & Nature Loves Public, Urban Life
Fantasy/Introspection External Reality
The Particular The Universal
Subjective Perception Objective Science
Right Brain Left Brain
Satisfaction of Desire Desire Repressed
Organic Mechanical
Creative Energy/Power Form
Exotic Mundane
Grimm's Fairy Tales is a famous collection of German folk tales. Most of them were 
collected by two brothers. Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The most famous tales 
include " Hansel and Cretel", "Little Red Riding Hood", " Snow - white", "Rumpel 
stilskin", "Spelling Beauty", "Cinderella" and "Rapunzel". As the Grimm's knew 
some of their stories had been previously oublished, especially in Italy and France. 
Between 1807 and 1814, the Gremms collected the tales mainly from friends and 
acquaintances who lived in and around Rassel, Germany. The brothers published the 
tales to perserve work they believed was created by the people. They regarded the 
tales as an expression of the spirit of the German people, and they worried that fewer 
people could tell the tales accurately. 
The Grimms tried to retell the stories faithfully, but made changes to suit public taste 
on their ideas about how to tell the tales most effectively. The brothers gathered 
many tales themselves, including those stories told to them by a woman who came 
to town to sell moduce. 
The 1
st
volume (1812) contained 86 tales. The 2
nd
 (1815) contained 70. Jakob spent 
much time helping Wilhelm collected tales for the 1
st
volume, but the 2
nd
volume 
and later editions were largery Wilhelm's work. By the last edition of 1857, there 
were 210tales. The Grimms colected most of the last stories, as well as some from 
the first edition, from printed sources. 
In collecting the tales, the Grimms were influenced by the romantic movement in 
German literature. German romanticism expressed itself in many ways, but it dealt 
with primarily with German history and Mythology, Nature, Fantasy and 
Supernatural. All these elements appear in the Grimms fairy tales. 

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, Ernst Theodor Amadeus (1776 - 1822 ) was a German writer. He mingled weird 
and fantastic events with situations of everyday life. Hoffman imaginative blend of 
romanticism and realism influenced Edgar Allan Рое and Charles Baudelaire. Some 
of Hoffmans stories were collected in Fantastic Tales (1814 - 1815) and "Night 
Pieces" (1816 - 1817). Hoffmanns novels include "The Elexirs of the Devil" (1815