Figure 6.5 Dealing with Idioms 2
Rather different from idioms are expressions like those in (23), which are usually referred
to as collocations. Here the meaning can be guessed from the meanings of the parts. What
is not predictable is the particular words that are used.
(23) a.
This butter is rancid (*sour, *rotten, *stale).
b.
This cream is sour (*rancid, *rotten, *stale).
c.
They took (*made) a walk.
d.
They made (*took) an attempt.
e.
They had (*made, *took) a talk.
For example, the fact that we say rancid butter, but not *sour butter, and sour cream, but
not *rancid cream does not seem to be completely predictable from the meaning of butter
or cream, and the various adjectives. Similarly the choice of take as the verb for walk is
not simply a matter of the meaning of walk (for example, one can either make or take a
journey).
In what we have called linguistic knowledge (LK) systems, at least, collocations can po-
tentially be treated differently from idioms. This is because for collocations one can often
think of one part of the expression as being dependent on, and predictable from the other.
For example, one may think that make, in make an attempt has little meaning of its own,
and serves merely to ‘support’ the noun (such verbs are often called light verbs, or sup-
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TRANSLATION PROBLEMS
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