Characteristics of optoelectronic discrete displacement converters with hollow and fiber light guides

Methods
General issues of the main characteristics of optoelectronic discrete displacement transducers with hollow and fiber light guides . In ODC of any type, longitudinal or transverse movements of the ODC are converted into changes in the parameters of the luminous flux Ф ₀ in the corresponding light guides from a concentrated or distributed radiation source (RS). Further light fluxes Ф ₀ falling on the corresponding radiation receiver (RR), their parameters change and the output voltage U _out in the measuring circuits changes.
Fundamentally, the converters produce an intermediate analog (continuous) signal. To obtain discrete signals in ODC, quantization processes by level and time are used. It is during the quantization process that the ODC converts a continuous signal into a discrete one from a preliminary continuous signal.
The following types of quantization take place in ODC:

1. 
   quantization by level and these ODCs belong to the group of relay converters;
   
2. 
   time quantization and ODC data belong to the group of pulse converters;
   
3. 
   quantization by level and time and ODC data can be called analog-to-digital converters.
   

To develop ODCs and devices based on them, it is necessary to study the main characteristics, which include static and dynamic characteristics, sensitivity, reliability, accuracy and others.
The static characteristic of the ODC is the dependence in a steady state between the values of the input X _input and output X _output signals. A feature of the designs of the considered ODCs, as shown in Chapter 1, is the presence of the following main elements: radiation source (RS); radiation receiver (RR); light guide (hollow or fiber) (LG); a measuring circuit (MC) with an output signal shaper, which, depending on the principle of construction of the ODC are connected in a certain way to perform the necessary conversion function. Based on the above, it can be stated that the static characteristics of any ODC are determined by the parameters of all these elements and in the future, the analysis of the static characteristics of ODC will be carried out both taking into account their mathematical models and the type of measuring circuits.
In a relay-type ODC, an intermediate continuous signal (Fig.1, a) is converted into a discrete output signal (Fig. 1, b).