Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of Cucurbitaceae seeds: Potential sources for new trends of plant oils
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Chemicalcompositionandbioactivecompoundsof
Citrullus lanatus var. ‘Crimson’, and 82.78% for the Cucumis melo var. ‘Ananas’ seed oils.
The Citrullus lanatus seed oil witnessed the highest linoleic acid content (68.07%) and the lowest oleic acid content (14.25%). Since all the examined seed oil samples were rich in both oleic and linoleic acids, they might be used as cooking or salad oils or might even be used for margarine manufacturing. The major saturated fatty acids in the seed oils of pumpkin, watermelon and melon were palmitic and stearic acids. The total saturated fatty acids content of Cucurbita pepo seed oil was higher (24.01%) than those of Cucumis melo and Citrullus lanatus (20.24% and 24.01%). These results are confirmed by the findings of Veronezi and Jorge (2015) for Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita maxima seed oils, El-Adawy and Taha (2001) for Cucurbita pepo and Citrullus vulgaris seed oils, Nyam at al. (2009) for Citrullus lanatus seed oil, Górnás and Rudzińska (2016) for Citrullus lanatus (Thumb). Matsum. & Nakai and Cucumis melo L. seed oils, and Mallek-Ayadi et al. (2018) for Cucumis melo L. seed oil. 3.4. Triacylgycerol (TAG) composition The determination of the fatty acid composition is undoubtedly decisive for evaluating both the stability and the nutritional quality of vegetable oils. However, the determination of ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 15 the type and the amounts of TAG species within the Cucurbitaceae seed oils is much more important for understanding their physical and functional properties. The distribution of TAGs is illustrated in Table 4 and in the light of the corresponding results, the Cucurbita pepo var. ‘Essahli’ and the Cucumis melo var. ‘Ananas’ seed oils contained 13 TAGs. The Citrullus lanatus var. ‘Crimson’ seed oil, however, contained 12 TAGs among which the glycerol-palmitate-linoleate-stearate was not detected. Table 4 demonstrates that the main TAGs in the Cucurbita pepo var. ‘Essahli’ seed oil were glycerol-oleate-dilinoleate (OLL), followed by glycerol trilinoleate (LLL), glycerol- dioleate-linolenate (OOLn), glycerol-palmitate-linoleate-linolenate (PLLn), and glycerol- palmitate-oleate-linoleate (POL). Note that the results of the triglyceride analysis are in perfect accordance with the previous studies for pumpkin seed oils. In fact, Arslan et al. (2017) reported that OLL was the dominant triglyceride in the cold pressed Cucurbita pepo L. var. ‘Celtik’ seed oils from the central Anatolia region of Turkey (Konya). The other triglycerides were LLL, POL, LnPO and OOL. Similarly, Neᵭeral et al. (2012) investigated both husked and naked seed oils produced by three processes differing in the degree of thermal treatment wherein the seeds were exposed (roasted pressed, pressed and unroasted, pressed with cooling). They found that OLL was the abundant triglyceride followed by LLL, PLL, LOO, and SLL + PLO isomers. The Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis melo seed oils presented similar triglyceride patterns as the LLL, LLnLn, OOLn, and OLL were the major triglyceride isomers. The Glycerol-linoleate-dilinolenate and glycerol trilinoleate were also the main TAGs in the Citrullus lanatus var. ‘Crimson’ (29.15%) and the Cucumis melo var. ‘Ananas’ (18.38%) seed oils, respectively. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 16 In this regard, previous studies revealed that TAG types such as OLL, OOL, POL, SOL, and POO increased the oils’ oxidative stability (Neff et al., 1993; Neff et al., 1994). The TAG composition of the Cucurbitaceae seed oil evinces an adequate oxidative stability of the seed oil, which might be favourable for food and industrial applications. 3.5. Phytosterols The sterol composition of Cucurbita pepo var. ‘Essahli’, Citrullus lanatus var. ‘Crimson’, and Cucumis melo var. ‘Ananas’ seed oils is illustrated in Table 3. Fifteen phytosterols were identified in all analysed Cucurbitaceae seed oils, namely cholesterol, brassicasterol, 24-methylenecholesterol, campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, Δ5- avenasterol, Δ5,23-stigmastadienol, Δ 5,24- stigmastadienol, Δ 7- campesterol, Δ 7- stigmastenol, Δ 7-avenasterol, clerosterol, sitosterol and sitostanol. The β-sitosterol, which accounted for 1923.51 mg/kg, 2298.83 mg/kg, and 3248.48 mg/kg for the Cucurbita pepo, Download 0.8 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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