Chemical technology institute Independent Work Done: Checked: Tashkent 2021 Oxygen
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Oxygen
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Industrial
2 is used to smelt and/or decarburize iron. Smelting of iron ore into steel consumes 55% of commercially produced oxygen.[65] In this process, O 2 is injected through a high-pressure lance into molten iron, which removes sulfur impurities and excess carbon as the respective oxides, SO 2 and CO 2. The reactions are exothermic, so the temperature increases to 1,700 °C.[65] Another 25% of commercially produced oxygen is used by the chemical industry.[65] Ethylene is reacted with O 2 to create ethylene oxide, which, in turn, is converted into ethylene glycol; the primary feeder material used to manufacture a host of products, including antifreeze and polyester polymers (the precursors of many plastics and fabrics).[65] Large quantities of oxygen or air is used in oxy-cracking process[115] and for the production of acrylic acid,[116] diformyl-furane,[117] and benzylic acid.[118] On the other hand, the electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen is a promising technology to replace the currently used hydroquinone-process. Last but not least, catalytic oxidation is used in afterburners to get rid of hazardous gases.[119][120] Most of the remaining 20% of commercially produced oxygen is used in medical applications, metal cutting and welding, as an oxidizer in rocket fuel, and in water treatment.[65] Oxygen is used in oxyacetylene welding, burning acetylene with O 2 to produce a very hot flame. In this process, metal up to 60 cm (24 in) thick is first heated with a small oxy-acetylene flame and then quickly cut by a large stream of O 2.[121] Compounds Main article: Compounds of oxygen Water (H 2O) is the most familiar oxygen compound. The oxidation state of oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of oxygen. The oxidation state −1 is found in a few compounds such as peroxides.[122] Compounds containing oxygen in other oxidation states are very uncommon: −1/2 (superoxides), −1/3 (ozonides), 0 (elemental, hypofluorous acid), +1/2 (dioxygenyl), +1 (dioxygen difluoride), and +2 (oxygen difluoride).[123] Download 481.89 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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