Chemistry & organic chemistry

• Water is called the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT.
• Types of SOLUTIONS:
• *Acid-define: has more H+ than OH-
• *Base-define: has more OH- than H+
• *Neutral-define: has = OH- and H+
• H+ is called hydrogen ion; OH- is called hydroxide ion
• Determine whether the following solutions are ACID/BASE/NEUTRAL
• HCLH+ + Cl-
• NaOHNa+ + OH-
• H2OH+ + OH-
• KOH K+ + OH-
• NH3 H+ + NO3
• Determine whether the following solutions are ACID/BASE/NEUTRAL based on observable characteristics: (Acids=sour; base=bitter/slick)
• Aspirin acid
• Soap base
• Lemon juice acid
• Milk neutral

• When a strong acid and a strong base are mixed, a neutral material is formed in what is called a neutralization reaction.
• The pH scale measures the relative concentration of H+ and OH- in a material (its strength as an ACID/BASE/NEUTRAL material.)
• A pH value of LESS than 7 indicates the material is a/n ACID BASE NEUTRAL
• A pH value of MORE than 7 indicates the material is a/n ACID BASE NEUTRAL
• A pH value of 7 indicates the material is a/n ACID BASE NEUTRAL
• Most CELLS have a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5

• Determine whether the following pH is a strong Acid/ weak Acid/ strong Base/ weak Base/ Neutral material:
• pH=2.3 strong acid
• pH=7 neutral
• pH=13.4 strong base
• pH=8.2 weak base
• pH=6.1 weak acid

• Determine whether the following is an ACID/BASE/NEUTRAL material:
• Blue Litmus paper and Red Litmus paper end up RED after they are placed in a solution acid
• Blue Litmus paper and Red Litmus paper end up BLUE after they are placed in a solution base
• Blue Litmus paper stays BLUE and Red Litmus paper stays RED after they are placed in solution neutral