Choose the appropriate answer. Communication theory has one universal law posited by …

Choose the appropriate answer.
Communication theory has one universal law posited by …
====
# S.F.Scudder
====
Howard Gardener
====
Aristotle
====
Melamed & Bozionelos
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Aristotle first addressed the problem of communication and attempted to work out a theory of it in ...
====
# The Rhetoric
====
Multiple intelligences
====
Frames of Mind
====
Metafizika
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
… first addressed the problem of communication and attempted to work out a theory of it in The Rhetoric.
====
#Aristotle
====
Howard Gardener
====
Wilbur L.Schramm
====
All of the scientists
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
From which study(ies) was the discipline formed, before becoming simply communication theory, or communication studies
====
#all the answers are right
====
Psychology
====
Sociology
====
Anthropology
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Psychology study?
====
#human behavior
====
social process
====
communication as a factor, which develops, maintains, and changes culture
====
classification of the sounds within the system of a particular language or languages
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Sociology study?
====
#society and social process
====
human behavior
====
communication as a factor, which develops, maintains, and changes culture
====
classification of the sounds within the system of a particular language or languages
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Anthropology study?
====
#communication as a factor, which develops, maintains, and changes culture
====
human behavior
====
society and social process
====
classification of the sounds within the system of a particular language or languages
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Epistemology study?
====
#the examination of how the theorist studies the chosen phenomena
====
poses the question of what the theorist is examining
====
concerned with what values drive a theorist to develop a theory
====
All the answers are right
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Ontology study?
====
#poses the question of what the theorist is examining
====
the examination of how the theorist studies the chosen phenomena
====
concerned with what values drive a theorist to develop a theory
====
All the answers are right
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Axiology study?
====
#concerned with what values drive a theorist to develop a theory
====
the examination of how the theorist studies the chosen phenomena
====
poses the question of what the theorist is examining
====
All the answers are right
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Pragmatics - a subfield of linguistics developed in …
====
#the late 1970s
====
2021
====
in the ancient times
====
15^th century
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
The word communication comes from the Latin communis which means …
====
#to impart, share, to make common
====
to strive toward, devote oneself to, cultivate
====
a feeling of deep affection, passion or strong liking for a person or thing
====
to speak or act domineeringly
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
The Aristotle’s model proposed the following elements of communication…
====
#a speaker, a message and a listener
====
a speaker, a message, a channel , a person addressed
====
a source, a encoder, a message, a channel, a decoder, a receiver
====
a context, a message, a sender, a receiver, a channel, a code
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
The Lasswell's model proposed the following elements of communication…
====
# a speaker, a message, a channel, a person addressed
====
a speaker, a message and a listener
====
a source, a encoder, a message, a channel, a decoder, a receiver
====
a context, a message, a sender, a receiver, a channel, a code
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
The Shannon and Weaver’s model proposed the following elements of communication…
====
#a source, a encoder, a message, a channel, a decoder, a receiver
====
a speaker, a message and a listener
====
a speaker, a message, a channel, a person addressed
====
a context, a message, a sender, a receiver, a channel, a code
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
The Jakobson’s model proposed the following elements of communication…
====
#a context, a message, a sender, a receiver, a channel, a code
====
a speaker, a message and a listener
====
a speaker, a message, a channel, a person addressed
====
a source, a encoder, a message, a channel, a decoder, a receiver
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
The first scientific study of nonverbal communication was …
====
# Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)
====
Gudykunst W., Stella T. Culture and Interpersonal Communication (1988)
====
Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner’s book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1983) 
====
Krueger J. Nonverbal Communication (2008)
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of non-verbal communication
====
#the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages ====
the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information - in other words, talking or writing, and listening or reading
====
the study of nonverbal cues of the voice
====
the state in which two people are aware of looking directly into one another's eyes
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of Paralanguage
====
#the study of nonverbal cues of the voice
====
the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information - in other words, talking or writing, and listening or reading
====
the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages
====
the state in which two people are aware of looking directly into one another's eyes
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of Eye contact
====
#the state in which two people are aware of looking directly into one another's eyes
====
the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information - in other words, talking or writing, and listening or reading
====
the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages
====
the study of nonverbal cues of the voice
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of Facial expression
====
#results from one or more motions or positions of the muscles of the face
====
the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information - in other words, talking or writing, and listening or reading
====
the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages
====
the study of nonverbal cues of the voice
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define some Verbal communication functions
====
#phatic communication, catharsis, magic, ritual
====
a speaker, a message and a listener
====
a source, a encoder, a message, a channel, a decoder, a receiver
====
a context, a message, a sender, a receiver, a channel, a code
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of phatic communication
====
#small talk, uninspired greetings and idle chatter form
====
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions
====
the power of apparently influencing events by using mysterious or supernatural forces
====
literary form consisting of a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of Catharsis
====
# the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions
====
small talk, uninspired greetings and idle chatter form
====
the power of apparently influencing events by using mysterious or supernatural forces
====
literary form consisting of a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of Magic
====
#the power of apparently influencing events by using mysterious or supernatural forces
====
small talk, uninspired greetings and idle chatter form
====
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions
====
literary form consisting of a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of Dialogue
====
#literary form consisting of a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people
====
small talk, uninspired greetings and idle chatter form
====
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions
====
extended speech by one person
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Define the notion of Monologue
====
#extended speech by one person
====
small talk, uninspired greetings and idle chatter form
====
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions
====
literary form consisting of a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What kind of function of the communicative act is most closely associated with the sender - such things as voice set, accent, intonation, etc.?
====
# identificational
====
expressive
====
pragmatic aspects of communication
====
all answers are right
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What kind of function of the communicative act expresses emotions and attitudes toward the receiver or other component of speech act.; generally under voluntary control?
====
# expressive
====
identificational
====
pragmatic aspects of communication
====
all answers are right
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What kind of function of the communicative act are the prominent mechanisms that enable conversationalists to communicate more or different information than is literally said?
====
#pragmatic aspects of communication
====
identificational
====
expressive
====
all answers are right
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What is the foundation for H.P. Grice's pragmatic account of communication?
====
#conversational maxims and implicatures
====
context
====
message
====
code
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Who have reduced the Gricean framework to relevance?
====
# Sperber and Wilson
====
Grice
====
Levinson
====
Chierchia and McConnell-Ginet
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
How does Grice describe his notion of intentional communication?
====
# as non-natural meaning, or meanings, characterizing it as follows, with "S" standing for speaker, "H" for hearer, "uttering U" for the utterance of a linguistic token, and "z" for roughly some belief or volition invoked in H
====
as classification of the sounds within the system of a particular language or languages
====
as a small talk, uninspired greetings and idle chatter form
====
no right answer
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the word Presupposition mean?
====
# refers to propositions whose truth is taken for granted in the utterance of a linguistic expression
====
intention that further helps account for how different or more information can be communicated than is literally said.
====
intended to communicate something that is not directly expressed
====
no right answer
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the word Meaning mean?
====
# intended to communicate something that is not directly expressed
====
intention that further helps account for how different or more information can be communicated than is literally said.
====
refers to propositions whose truth is taken for granted in the utterance of a linguistic expression
====
no right answer
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the word Code mean?
====
# a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
====
the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood
====
a verbal, written, or recorded communication sent to or left for a recipient who cannot be contacted directly
====
no right answer
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the word Context mean?
====
# the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood
====
a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
====
a verbal, written, or recorded communication sent to or left for a recipient who cannot be contacted directly
====
no right answer
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the word Message mean?
====
#a verbal, written, or recorded communication sent to or left for a recipient who cannot be contacted directly
====
a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
====
the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood
====
no right answer
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the word Metaphor mean?
====
# a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
====
a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
====
the system of rules that governs an individual’s tacit understanding of what is acceptable and what is not in the language they speak
====
the ability to use the forms of the language (sounds, words, and sentence structure)
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Linguistic competence mean?
====
#the system of rules that governs an individual’s tacit understanding of what is acceptable and what is not in the language they speak
====
a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
====
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
====
the ability to use the forms of the language (sounds, words, and sentence structure)
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Grammatical competence mean?
====
# the ability to use the forms of the language (sounds, words, and sentence structure)
====
a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
====
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
====
the system of rules that governs an individual’s tacit understanding of what is acceptable and what is not in the language they speak
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Discourse competence mean?
====
#is the ability to understand and create forms of the language that are longer than sentences, such as stories, conversations, or business letters
====
a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
====
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
====
the system of rules that governs an individual’s tacit understanding of what is acceptable and what is not in the language they speak
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Sociolinguistic competence mean?
====
# is the ability to use language appropriately in different contexts
====
is the ability to understand and create forms of the language that are longer than sentences, such as stories, conversations, or business letters
====
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
====
the system of rules that governs an individual’s tacit understanding of what is acceptable and what is not in the language they speak
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does the Strategic competence mean?
====
# is the ability to compensate for lack of ability in any of the other areas
====
is the ability to understand and create forms of the language that are longer than sentences, such as stories, conversations, or business letters
====
is the ability to use language appropriately in different contexts
====
the system of rules that governs an individual’s tacit understanding of what is acceptable and what is not in the language they speak
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Who is the scientist that introduced the concept Language competence?
====
# Noam Chomsky
====
Ferdinand de Saussure
====
Wilhelm von Humboldt
====
Sandra Savignon
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Who is the scientist that developed one of the best known models of language ability as communicative competence?
====
# Dell Hymes
====
Ferdinand de Saussure
====
Wilhelm von Humboldt
====
Sandra Savignon
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What is Language?
====
#is a system of rules (including phonology, morphology, syntax, grammar, semantics, pragmatics and focusing on rules describing competence rather than performance) limits our ability to look at communication system more generally and to see important characteristics of speech forms that are used within speech communities and between them
====
is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
====
is the ability to compensate for lack of ability in any of the other areas
====
is the ability to use language appropriately in different contexts
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
Select the line that represents scientists who worked in the field of linguistics.
====
#Noam Chomsky, Ferdinand de Saussure, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Sandra Savignon
====
Galen, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Carl Linnaeus, Charles Darwin
====
Pierre-Simon Laplace, Thomas Bayes, Ada Lovelace, David Hilbert
====
Arthur L. Horwich, Sir Martin Evans, David J. Weatherall, Harold E. Varmus
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
What does Verbal communication mean?
====
#is about language, both written and spoken
====
is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages ====
is the power of apparently influencing events by using mysterious or supernatural forces
====
the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood
++++
Choose the appropriate answer.
According to which of well-known encyclopedias “communication” - is the exchange of information between individuals through a common system of verbal symbols?
====
#Britannica
====
Scholarpedia
====
Wikipedia
====
World Digital Library
++++
One of the approaches that has developed in analyzing the way sentences work in a sequence to produce coherent stretches of speech is ... ?
====
#discourse analysis
====
conversational analysis
====
linguistic analysis
====
anthropological analysis
++++
When and by whom was used the term "discourse analysis" ?
====
in the 1960 by H.Sacks
====
# in 1952 by Z.Harris
====
in 1935 by Dell H.Hymes
====
In 1975 by John J. Gumperz
++++
Who was one of the first to give the word "discourse" (which in French linguistic tradition meant speech in general, text), a terminological meaning, having designated with it “speech assumed by the speaker" ?
====
John J. Gumperz
====
H. Sacks
====
#E.Benweniste
====
Z.Harris
++++
What does it mean the word discourse ?
====
# from Latin discursus - argument
====
from Latin speechus - speech
====
from Latin aspectus - aspect
====
from Latin factores - factor
++++
The definition given below is about which term? ....is verbal communication; talk, conversation, a formal treatment of a subject in speech or writing, such as a sermon or dissertation, a unit of text used by linguists for the analysis of linguistic phenomena that range over more than one sentence.
====
application
====
frames
====
scenarios
====
# discourse
++++
Check the discourse structure.
====
# rhythmic, referential, semantic, emotionally
====
emotionally, referential, semantic, sociocultural
====
sociocultural, semantic, rhythmic
====
referential ,sociocultural, emotionally
++++
Who explaining Harris’s definition of discourse, states that: “Harris interestingly enough ruled out the kind of study, which discourse analysis aims to do. He is of the view that linguistic research focuses on the elements within an utterance; discourse can be considered as a sequence of utterance. Harris argues that the study of the interrelations between utterances within a discourse, the scope of a discourse analysis required much more information than the theoretical apparatus of that time could handle. While this held true for 1950s and 1960s, roughly, but 1970s saw an emerging body of different approaches including pragmatics, conversation analysis, textual linguistics, and relevance theory.”?
====
N.Arutyunova
====
# Grenoble
====
Grenoble
====
E.Benweniste
++++
What kind of relationship between language and society?
====
linguistic and internal
====
dialectical and linguistic
====
# internal and dialectical
====
internal, linguistic, politic
++++
How many levels relate to production and social conditions of interpretation?
====
5
====
4
====
# 3
====
2
++++
When two people with different social background meet, there is a tendency for their speech to alter, so that they become....?
====
conversation or arbitrary
====
process or modification
====
speech or divergence
====
# accommodation or convergence
++++
..... also takes place when people wish to emphasize their personal, social, religious, or other identity.
====
appropriate background
====
simpler speech
====
# speech divergence
====
hearing confession
++++
How many basic maxims have been proposed by H.P.Grice?
====
# 4
====
5
====
3
====
7
++++
How many styles of communication do we use?
====
5
====
3
====
# 4
====
6
++++
Find the communication style by its description. The most effective and healthiest form of communication is the … style
====
# Assertive
====
Aggressive
====
Passive
====
Passive-aggressive
++++
Find the communication style by its description. … communication is based on compliance and hopes to avoid confrontation at all costs.
====
Assertive
====
Aggressive
====
#Passive
====
Passive-aggressive
++++
Find the communication style by its description. … communication always involves manipulation. We may attempt to make people do what we want by including guilt (hurt) or by using intimidation and control tactics (anger).
====
Assertive
====
#Aggressive
====
Passive
====
Passive-aggressive
++++
Find the communication style by its description. A combination of styles, passive-aggressive avoids direct confrontation, but attempts to get even through manipulation
====
Assertive
====
Aggressive
====
Passive
====
# Passive-aggressive
++++
According to Christopher L. Heffner, how many communication styles does he single out?
====
4
====
# 3
====
5
====
6
++++
Choose the correct answer. According to Christopher L. Heffner, all statements are FALSE, except one…
====
He identifies 3 different personality types: expresser, driver, relater.
====
He identifies 4 different communicative style: expresser, driver, relater, analytical
====
He singles out 5 types of communication: passive, active, assertive, aggressive, passive-aggressive
====
# He identifies 4 different personality types: expresser, driver, relater, analytical
++++
Functional style is a…
====
#a system of interrelated language means serving a definite aim in communication
====
a system of communication, which are the actual words that come out of your mouth while you are speaking
====
a system of communication, like body language or tone of voice, that gives meaning to much of our verbal communication system
====
a system of communication, which ,in addition to writing, includes a vest collection of signs and symbols that are often specific to a particular culture or region
++++
The English literary system has evolved a number of styles easily distinguishable one from another. How many styles there are?
====
4
====
6
====
# 5
====
7
++++
… style is employed in professional communication to convey some information. It`s most conspicuous feature is the abundance of terms denoting objects, phenomena and processes characteristics of some particular field of science and technique
====
Official
====
Publicistic
====
# Scientific
====
Newspaper
++++
… is the most conservative one. It uses syntactical constructions and archaic words. Emotiveness is banned out of this style.
====
# Official
====
Publicistic
====
Scientific
====
Belles-lettres
++++
…-the richest register of communication besides its own language means, other styles can be used besides informative and persuasive functions, this style has a unique task to impress the reader aesthetically.
====
Official
====
Publicistic
====
# Belles-lettres
====
Scientific
++++
Cross-cultural communication is …
====
The traditional perspective, based upon Aristotle`s teachings, assumes that people are, by nature, subject to and capable of persuasion because, unlike other species we have the capacity to be rational
====
# A field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to communicate across structures
====
The concept of “personal Space” also varies from country to country
====
The communication style in which you put the rights of others before your minimizing your own self-worth
++++
… is a famous for its explicit pragmatic function of persuasion directed at influencing the reader in accordance with argumentation of the author
====
Official
====
# Publicistic
====
Scientific
====
Newspaper
++++
…- special graphical means are used to attract the readers attention.
====
Official
====
Publicistic
====
Scientific
====
# Newspaper
++++
Who formulated speech act theory?
====
# John L. Austin
====
H. P. Grice, Searie
====
Jennifer Coates
====
Brown P. Levinson S.
++++
To whom does the following statement apply? "The issuing of an utterance is the performing of an action."
====
Jennifer Coates
====
S. Levinson
====
# Austin
====
John L.
++++
Speech acts can be analyzed on
====
eight levels
====
# three levels
====
five levels
====
two levels
++++
What is an illocutionary act?
====
the performance of an utterance: the actual utterance and its ostensible meaning, comprising phonetic
====
its actual effect, such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something
====
phatic acts corresponding to the verbal, syntactic and semantic aspects of any meaningful utterance
====
# the semantic “illocutionary force” of the utterance, thus its real, intended meaning; and in certain cases a further
++++
Who introduce the notions of “primary” and “secondary” illocutionary acts?
====
# Searie
====
John L.
====
Brown P
====
S.Levinson
++++
Find the line that describes: The primary illocutionary act…?
====
is central to the concept of a speech act
====
# is the indirect one, which is not literally performed.
====
is the direct one, performed in the literal utterance of the sentence.
====
is a little more problematic, since it involves an assessment of aims and actions.
++++
Find the line that describes: The secondary illocutionary act…?
====
is central to the concept of a speech act
====
is the indirect one, which is not literally performed.
====
# is the direct one, performed in the literal utterance of the sentence.
====
is a little more problematic, since it involves an assessment of aims and actions.
++++
Who studied in a book “Women, Men and Language" that men-only and women-only discussion groups and found that when women talk to each other they reveal a lot about their private lives?
====
Michael Babyak,
====
B.Kent Houston
====
Doerge F
====
# Jennifer Coates
++++
How many competing goals every time when we communicate?
====
# There are three
====
There are five
====
There are two
====
There are eight
++++
What is an easy way to encourage communication between employees and help to share ideas and increase engagement both while at work and at home.
====
Face-to-face interactions
====
# Social media
====
Writing
====
Public speaking
++++
According to Buffer’s State of Social 2019 report, 73% of marketers believe that social media marketing has been effective for their…
====
Communication
====
Study
====
# Business
====
Marketing
++++
Choose the correct answer where given the team collaboration and communication tools?
====
Social report
====
Slack, Trello
====
Evernote
====
# a, b, c
++++
What kind of maxim states that speakers' contributions should be as informative as is required for the purposes of the conversation. One should say neither too little nor too much?
====
The maxim of manner
====
# The maxim of quantity
====
The maxim of relevance
====
The maxim of quality
++++
What kind of maxim states that speaker's contributions to a "conversation ought to be true. They should not say what they believe to be false, nor should they say anything for which they lack adequate evidence
====
The maxim of quantity
====
The maxim of manner
====
# The maxim of quality
====
The maxim of relevance
++++
What kind of maxim states that contributions should clearly relate to the purpose of the exchange?
====
The maxim of quality
====
The maxim of quality
====
The maxim of manner
====
# The maxim of relevance
++++
What kind of maxim states that the contribution should be orderly and brief, avoiding obscurity and ambiguity?
====
# The maxim of manner
====
The maxim of quality
====
The maxim of quantity
====
The maxim of relevance
++++
……. ……….. focuses on the structure of naturally occurring spoken language, as found in such "discourses" as conversations, interviews, commentaries and speeches.
====
# Discourse analysis
====
Social practice
====
Situational classification
====
Exchanges
++++
To whom the following description applies? Discourse is speech "absorbed in life"
====
E.Benweniste
====
# N.Arutyunova
====
L.John
====
B.Dalton
++++
The success of a conversation depends ……………..
====
# not only on what speakers say but on their whole approach to the interaction.
====
that speaker's contributions to a "conversation ought to be true.
====
view of texts may be commonsensical, there appears to be a problem when we have to define units of language which consist of a single sentence
====
make the notion more manageable by specifying the following components
++++
Which type of personality likes to be measured by applause, feedback, recognition?
====
# Expresser
====
Driver
====
Relater
====
Analytical
++++
What do relater style users dislike?
====
Boring explanations with too many facts
====
Someone wasting their time
====
# Rejection, treated impersonally
====
Making an error, being unprepared, spontaneity
++++
“…” in the sense which corresponds to diction and sentence movement must receive attention, but only as one among various means that secure for the speaker ready access to the minds of his auditors.
====
Communication
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Speech
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Rhetoric
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# Style
++++
Rhetoric traditionally was considered to be …
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Expresser, Driver, Relater
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# Public, contextual, and contingent
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Public, official, informal
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Publicistic, official contextual
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Find the person. The traditional perspective, based upon …’s teachings, assumes that people are, by nature, subject to and capable o persuasion because, unlike other species, we have the capacity to be rational.
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Socrates
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Plato
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# Aristotle
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Archimedes